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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Departments of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology (SYSK and NWG) and Human Genetics (CMD and REF), University of Pittsburgh; the Genetic Epidemiology Unit, the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City (CEA); the Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal (ETP); and the Division of Cardiology, the Cincinnati Children's Hospital (SRD).
Background: Lower resting energy expenditure (REE) in African American women may contribute to their obesity. The identification of uncoupling protein (UCP) genes has fueled a search for genes involved in energy metabolism in humans.
Objective: We examined variation in REE in relation to variation in UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 in 141 women aged 18–21 y.
Design: Standard methods were used for REE measurements and genetic analysis. Body composition was determined with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the effect of genotypes on REE and on fat mass in relation to other potentially confounding variables.
Results: REE was 295 kJ/d lower in African American women than in white women. No significant variation in REE was seen for UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 (p-55; exon 3a; and exon 3b) variants after adjustment for other variables including smoking status. For the UCP3 exon 5 variant, REE was significantly (P = 0.019) lower in African American women with the CC genotype than in those with the TT genotype. In African American women, there was a significant trend (P = 0.012) toward lower REE and a weak but nonsignificant trend (P = 0.1) toward greater fat mass across the 3 genotypes (TT, CT, and CC).
Conclusions: The significant and dose-dependent relation between lower REE and the C allele suggests that it may be a thrifty allele. The presence of this parsimonious energy metabolism in African American women, possibly linked to UCP3, may be implicated in their susceptibility to obesity. The absence of a UCP3 effect in white women is intriguing and needs to be explored to further understand possible interactions between UCP3 and other genes.
Key Words: Uncoupling protein genes • UCP1 • UCP2 • UCP3 • African American women • white women • thrifty gene • energy metabolism • obesity • genetics
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