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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (ZM, LMG-S, and WHD); the Institute of Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy (AP); the Department of Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand (AG); and the Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (MIG).
Background: Validation studies of height- and weight-based indexes of body fatness in children and adolescents have examined only small samples of school-age children.
Objective: The objective was to validate the performance of age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) compared with the Rohrer index (RI) and weight-for-height in screening for both underweight and overweight in children aged 2–19 y.
Design: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 11096) and a pooled data set from 3 studies that used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 920) were examined. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to characterize the sensitivity and specificity of these 3 indexes in classifying both underweight and overweight. Percentage body fat and total fat mass were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subcutaneous fat was assessed on the basis of the average of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses.
Results: For children aged 2–19 y, BMI-for-age was significantly better than were weight-for-height and RI-for-age in detecting overweight when average skinfold thicknesses were used as the standard, but no differences were found in detecting underweight. When percentage body fat or total fat mass was used as the standard, BMI-for-age was significantly better than was RI-for-age in detecting overweight in children aged 3–19 y. No differences were found between BMI-for-age and weight-for-height in detecting overweight or underweight.
Conclusion: For children and adolescents aged 2–19 y, the performance of BMI-for-age is better than that of RI-for-age in predicting underweight and overweight but is similar to that of weight-for-height.
Key Words: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry • body mass index • Rohrer index • weight-for-height • skinfold • anthropometry • receiver operating characteristic curve • sensitivity • specificity • children
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