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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Department of Nutrition and Health, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany (KRB, TD, FM, and TR); the Children’s Hospital, University of Cologne, Germany (ES and CN); and the Children’s Hospital, University of Giessen, Germany (SW).
Background: Anthropometric measurements are widely used to determine body composition, especially in children.
Objective: Our aim was to compare 2 of the simplest anthropometry-based equations available for determining nutritional status and muscularity in children and adolescents, examined in relation to other methodologically independent muscle variables.
Design: Midupper arm muscle area (UAMA) and fat-free mass (FFM) according to the equations of Slaughter et al (Hum Biol 1988;60:709–23), as well as separate biochemical, physical, and radiologic muscle variables, were determined cross-sectionally in 91 males and 91 females aged 6–18 y. The ability of UAMA and FFM to estimate muscularity, as measured by 24-h creatinine excretion, grip force, and peripheral quantitative computer tomography analysis of forearm muscle, was compared after dividing the study population into prepubertal and pubertal groups.
Results: Before puberty, correlations of all 3 muscularity variables were higher with FFM than with UAMA in both males and females. Multiple regression analyses confirmed FFM to be the predominant predictor, with partial R2 
0.68 (P < 0.001). However, in puberty, FFM did not consistently show this major influence. Only before puberty did FFM provide a significantly better fit (P < 0.05) than did UAMA for 2 of the 3 muscularity variables in each sex.
Conclusions: The FFM estimate proved to be the better predictor for muscularity in healthy prepubertal children and is on a par with UAMA during puberty. FFM can be recommended as a simple anthropometric method to assess nutritional status before puberty, at least in healthy children.
Key Words: Anthropometry • arm muscle area • fat-free mass • creatinine • grip force • peripheral quantitative computer tomography • nutritional status • muscularity • children
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