| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Original Research Communication |
1 From the New York Obesity Research Center, St Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital Center, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.
Background: Waist circumference (WC) is strongly linked to obesity-associated risks. However, currently proposed WC risk thresholds are not based on associations with obesity-related risk factors but rather with body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2).
Objective: The objective was to determine the relations of WC to obesity-associated risk factors in a representative sample of US whites and to derive comparable risk thresholds for WC and BMI.
Design: Data on 9019 white participants of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of 
1 of 4 obesity-associated risk factors: low HDL cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high glucose. Odds ratio (OR) equations were derived from logistic regression models for WC and BMI with the use of the 25th percentile in the study population as the reference. Receiver operating characteristic curves for identifying risk factors were computed for WC and BMI.
Results: At BMIs of 25 and 30, ORs were 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.35) and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.33, 4.22) for men and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.91) and 3.16 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.28) for women, respectively. The corresponding ORs for WC were at 90 and 100 cm for men and at 83 and 93 cm for women. Minima on the receiver operating characteristic curves for men were at 96 cm for WC and at 26 for BMI and for women were at 86 cm for WC and 25 for BMI.
Conclusion: WC is more closely linked to cardiovascular disease risk factors than is BMI.
Key Words: Body mass index • BMI • cardiovascular disease risk factors • obesity • waist circumference • third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey • NHANES III
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  D. D. Waters, C. Brotons, C.-W. Chiang, J. Ferrieres, J. Foody, J. W. Jukema, R. D. Santos, J. Verdejo, M. Messig, R. McPherson, et al. Lipid Treatment Assessment Project 2: A Multinational Survey to Evaluate the Proportion of Patients Achieving Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goals Circulation, July 7, 2009; 120(1): 28 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Koster, T. B. Harris, S. C. Moore, A. Schatzkin, A. R. Hollenbeck, J. Th. M. van Eijk, and M. F. Leitzmann Joint Associations of Adiposity and Physical Activity With Mortality: The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Am. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2009; 169(11): 1344 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Scuteri, C. H. Morrell, S. S. Najjar, D. Muller, R. Andres, L. Ferrucci, and E. G. Lakatta Longitudinal Paths to the Metabolic Syndrome: Can the Incidence of the Metabolic Syndrome Be Predicted? The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, May 1, 2009; 64A(5): 590 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Koster, M. F Leitzmann, A. Schatzkin, K. F Adams, J. T. van Eijk, A. R Hollenbeck, and T. B Harris The combined relations of adiposity and smoking on mortality Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2008; 88(5): 1206 - 1212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Koster, M. F. Leitzmann, A. Schatzkin, T. Mouw, K. F. Adams, J. Th. M. van Eijk, A. R. Hollenbeck, and T. B. Harris Waist Circumference and Mortality Am. J. Epidemiol., June 15, 2008; 167(12): 1465 - 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. Eckel Nonsurgical Management of Obesity in Adults N. Engl. J. Med., May 1, 2008; 358(18): 1941 - 1950. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Wright Jr, S. Harris-Haywood, S. Pressel, J. Barzilay, C. Baimbridge, C. J. Bareis, J. N. Basile, H. R. Black, R. Dart, A. K. Gupta, et al. Clinical Outcomes by Race in Hypertensive Patients With and Without the Metabolic Syndrome: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) Arch Intern Med, January 28, 2008; 168(2): 207 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Narksawat, J. Podang, P. Punyarathabundu, and A. Podhipak Waist Circumference, Body Mass Index and Health Risk Factors among Middle Aged Thais Asia Pac J Public Health, July 1, 2007; 19(3): 10 - 15. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Fontana, J. C. Eagon, M. E. Trujillo, P. E. Scherer, and S. Klein Visceral Fat Adipokine Secretion Is Associated With Systemic Inflammation in Obese Humans Diabetes, April 1, 2007; 56(4): 1010 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Hayashi, E. J. Boyko, M. J. McNeely, D. L. Leonetti, S. E. Kahn, and W. Y. Fujimoto Minimum Waist and Visceral Fat Values for Identifying Japanese Americans at Risk for the Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes Care, January 1, 2007; 30(1): 120 - 127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Li, E. S. Ford, A. H. Mokdad, and S. Cook Recent Trends in Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio Among US Children and Adolescents Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): e1390 - e1398. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-Y. Tian, Q. Cheng, X.-M. Song, G. Li, G.-X. Jiang, Y.-Y. Gu, and M. Luo Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes, abdominal obesity and hypertension among Chinese adults. Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 155(4): 601 - 607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Rana, A. C. Jansen, A. H. Zwinderman, M. Nieuwdorp, E. S. van Aalst-Cohen, J. W. Jukema, M. D. Trip, and J. J.P. Kastelein Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Coronary, Cerebral, and Peripheral Vascular Disease in a Large Dutch Population With Familial Hypercholesterolemia Diabetes Care, May 1, 2006; 29(5): 1125 - 1127. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Bhatt, P. G. Steg, E. M. Ohman, A. T. Hirsch, Y. Ikeda, J.-L. Mas, S. Goto, C.-S. Liau, A. J. Richard, J. Rother, et al. International Prevalence, Recognition, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Outpatients With Atherothrombosis JAMA, January 11, 2006; 295(2): 180 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R Sahyoun, P. F Jacques, X. L Zhang, W. Juan, and N. M McKeown Whole-grain intake is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome and mortality in older adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2006; 83(1): 124 - 131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Wannamethee, A. G. Shaper, L. Lennon, and R. W. Morris Metabolic Syndrome vs Framingham Risk Score for Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Arch Intern Med, December 12, 2005; 165(22): 2644 - 2650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P Wildman, D. Gu, K. Reynolds, X. Duan, X. Wu, and J. He Are waist circumference and body mass index independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Chinese adults? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2005; 82(6): 1195 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Yalcin, E. M. Sahin, and E. Yalcin Which anthropometric measurements is most closely related to elevated blood pressure? Fam. Pract., October 1, 2005; 22(5): 541 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S G. Wannamethee, A G. Shaper, R. W Morris, and P. H Whincup Measures of adiposity in the identification of metabolic abnormalities in elderly men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2005; 81(6): 1313 - 1321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, E. B Rimm, M. J Stampfer, W. C Willett, and F. B Hu Comparison of abdominal adiposity and overall obesity in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes among men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2005; 81(3): 555 - 563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zhu, S. B Heymsfield, H. Toyoshima, Z. Wang, A. Pietrobelli, and S. Heshka Race-ethnicity-specific waist circumference cutoffs for identifying cardiovascular disease risk factors Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2005; 81(2): 409 - 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. He, E. S. Engelson, and D. P. Kotler A Comparison of Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Pattern in Obese and Lean HIV-Infected Women J. Nutr., January 1, 2005; 135(1): 53 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Lemieux, L. Mongeau, M.-C. Paquette, S. Laberge, B. Lachance, and For the members of the GTPPP Health Canada's new guidelines for body weight classification in adults: challenges and concerns Can. Med. Assoc. J., November 23, 2004; 171(11): 1361 - 1363. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. de Ferranti, K. Gauvreau, D. S. Ludwig, E. J. Neufeld, J. W. Newburger, and N. Rifai Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in American Adolescents: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Circulation, October 19, 2004; 110(16): 2494 - 2497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. P. Davy and J. E. Hall Obesity and hypertension: two epidemics or one? Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): R803 - R813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Janssen, P. T Katzmarzyk, and R. Ross Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2004; 79(3): 379 - 384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-P. St-Onge, K. L Keller, and S. B Heymsfield Changes in childhood food consumption patterns: a cause for concern in light of increasing body weights Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2003; 78(6): 1068 - 1073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wang Waist circumference: a simple, inexpensive, and reliable tool that should be included as part of physical examinations in the doctor's office Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2003; 78(5): 902 - 903. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S Kahn and R. Valdez Metabolic risks identified by the combination of enlarged waist and elevated triacylglycerol concentration Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2003; 78(5): 928 - 934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Minerva BMJ, October 6, 2003; 327(7418): E178 - 178. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Gates, C. L. Gentile, D. R. Seals, and D. D. Christou Adiposity Contributes to Differences in Left Ventricular Structure and Diastolic Function with Age in Healthy Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2003; 88(10): 4884 - 4890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Seddon, J. Cote, N. Davis, and B. Rosner Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Association With Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-Hip Ratio Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 2003; 121(6): 785 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minerva BMJ, October 12, 2002; 325(7368): 844 - 844. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J Lean and T. S Han Waist worries Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2002; 76(4): 699 - 700. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
