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High intakes of vegetables, berries, and apples combined with a high intake of linoleic or oleic acid only slightly affect markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy subjects^1,2,3

¹ From the Division of Nutrition, University of Helsinki (RF and MM); the Biomarker Laboratory (GA IE, IS, and AA) and the Department of Molecular Medicine (MJ), National Public Health Institute, Helsinki; and the Section of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (SB).

Background: A high consumption of vegetables and fruit is associated with decreased risk of ischemic heart disease and several cancers. The pathophysiology of these diseases involves free radical mechanisms. Diet may either enhance or diminish oxidative stress in the body.

Objective: We studied the effects of high and low intakes of vegetables, berries, and apples on markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects consuming diets high in linoleic or oleic acid.

Design: For 6 wk, healthy men and women (n = 77; aged 19–52 y) consumed 1 of 4 controlled isoenergetic diets rich in either linoleic acid (11% of energy) or oleic acid (12% of energy) and containing either 815 or 170 g vegetables, berries, and apples/10 MJ. Nineteen healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Several markers of dietary compliance (plasma fatty acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and quercetin), lipid peroxidation [ex vivo LDL oxidation, plasma and LDL thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, paraoxonase (EC 3.1.8.1), and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F₂], and lipoprotein metabolism (plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipid transfer protein activities) were measured from samples collected before and at the end of the experimental period.

Results: Plasma fatty acid composition and antioxidant concentrations showed that compliance with the diets was good. However, there were no significant differences between the diets in the markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism.

Conclusions: In healthy volunteers with adequate vitamin intakes, 6-wk diets differing markedly in the amounts of linoleic and oleic acid and vegetables, berries, and apples did not differ in their effects on lipid peroxidation or lipoprotein metabolism.

Key Words: Monounsaturated fatty acids • polyunsaturated fatty acids • vegetables • berries • apples • lipid peroxidation • lipoprotein metabolism • antioxidants • human intervention • diet

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