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Effect of dietary antioxidants on postprandial endothelial dysfunction induced by a high-fat meal in healthy subjects^1,2

¹ From the Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples.

Background: Persons following current dietary guidelines have a lower risk of mortality from coronary heart disease.

Objective: The objective was to compare the short-term effect of a high-fat meal and a high-carbohydrate meal, with and without dietary antioxidants, on vasomotor, antiplatelet, and hemostatic functions of the endothelium in healthy subjects.

Design: In an observer-blinded, randomized crossover study, 25 (13 men and 12 women) healthy subjects were given each of 3 meals in random order at 1-wk intervals: a high-fat meal (760 kcal), an isoenergetic high-carbohydrate meal, and a high-fat meal with dietary antioxidants from vegetables (865 kcal). Endothelial functions, as assessed by hemodynamic and rheologic responses to L-arginine—the natural precursor of nitric oxide—were evaluated before and 4 h after each meal.

Results: Unlike the high-carbohydrate meal, the high-fat meal increased the plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol (P < 0.01); both meals activated hemostasis. The high-carbohydrate meal did not modify blood pressure, and platelet aggregation decreased in response to the L-arginine load (-7.1 ± 2.3 mm Hg and -8.5 ± 4.5%, respectively). After the high-fat meal, the decrease in blood pressure in response to L-arginine was reduced (-1 ± 0.8 mm Hg), and platelet aggregation showed a paradoxical increase (4.1 ± 2.1%; P < 0.01 compared with the high-carbohydrate meal). The high-fat meal with antioxidants partially restored the vascular response to L-arginine.

Conclusion: Compared with a high-carbohydrate meal, a high-fat meal can modify endothelial functions toward a more atherogenetic profile, which is partially prevented by dietary antioxidants.

Key Words: High-fat meal • high-carbohydrate meal • dietary antioxidants • endothelial functions • l-arginine

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