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Original Research Communication |
1 From Creighton University, Omaha (RPH, KMD, and MJB-L), and Boston University (TCC and MFH).
Background: The cholecalciferol inputs required to achieve or maintain any given serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration are not known, particularly within ranges comparable to the probable physiologic supply of the vitamin.
Objectives: The objectives were to establish the quantitative relation between steady state cholecalciferol input and the resulting serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration and to estimate the proportion of the daily requirement during winter that is met by cholecalciferol reserves in body tissue stores.
Design: Cholecalciferol was administered daily in controlled oral doses labeled at 0, 25, 125, and 250 µg cholecalciferol for 
20 wk during the winter to 67 men living in Omaha (41.2° N latitude). The time course of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration was measured at intervals over the course of treatment.
Results: From a mean baseline value of 70.3 nmol/L, equilibrium concentrations of serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol changed during the winter months in direct proportion to the dose, with a slope of 0.70 nmol/L for each additional 1 µg cholecalciferol input. The calculated oral input required to sustain the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration present before the study (ie, in the autumn) was 12.5 µg (500 IU)/d, whereas the total amount from all sources (supplement, food, tissue stores) needed to sustain the starting 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration was estimated at 96 µg (3800 IU)/d. By difference, the tissue stores provided 78–82 µg/d.
Conclusions: Healthy men seem to use 3000–5000 IU cholecalciferol/d, apparently meeting > 80% of their winter cholecalciferol need with cutaneously synthesized accumulations from solar sources during the preceding summer months. Current recommended vitamin D inputs are inadequate to maintain serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration in the absence of substantial cutaneous production of vitamin D.
Key Words: Vitamin D • cholecalciferol • 25-hydroxycholecalciferol • nutrient requirement • parathyroid hormone • seasonal variation • tolerable upper input level
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