AJCN North Carolina Research Campus
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kalkwarf, H. J
Right arrow Articles by Lanphear, B. P
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Kalkwarf, H. J
Right arrow Articles by Lanphear, B. P
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Kalkwarf, H. J
Right arrow Articles by Lanphear, B. P
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 77, No. 1, 257-265, January 2003
© 2003 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communication

Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women1,2,3

Heidi J Kalkwarf, Jane C Khoury and Bruce P Lanphear

1 From the Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati (HJK and BPL), and the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cincinnati (JCK).

Background: Calcium supplements increase bone mass in children, but the effect does not persist once supplementation is discontinued.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether milk intake during childhood and adolescence, when controlled for current calcium intake, is associated with adult bone mass (ie, bone mineral content), bone mineral density, and the incidence of osteoporotic fracture.

Design: We used data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 3251 non-Hispanic, white women age >=20 y. Bone density was measured at the hip. History of fracture of the hip, spine, or forearm was classified as a lifetime fracture (occurring after age 13 y) or an osteoporotic fracture (occurring after age 50 y). Subjects reported frequency of milk consumption during childhood (aged 5–12 y) and during adolescence (aged 13–17 y). Regression models controlled for weight, height, age, menopause and use of estrogen, physical activity, smoking, and current calcium intake.

Results: Among women aged 20–49 y, bone mineral content was 5.6% lower in those who consumed <1 serving of milk/wk (low intake) than in those who consumed >1 serving/d (high intake) during childhood (P < 0.01). Low milk intake during adolescence was associated with a 3% reduction in hip bone mineral content and bone mineral density (P < 0.02). Among women aged >=50 y, there was a nonlinear association between milk intake during childhood and adolescence and hip bone mineral content and bone mineral density (P < 0.04). Low milk intake during childhood was associated with a 2-fold greater risk of fracture (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Women with low milk intake during childhood and adolescence have less bone mass in adulthood and greater risk of fracture.Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:–65.

Key Words: Bone density • milk intake during childhood and adolescence • calcium intake • osteoporosis • peak bone mass • fracture • women




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
C. Albala, C. B Ebbeling, M. Cifuentes, L. Lera, N. Bustos, and D. S Ludwig
Effects of replacing the habitual consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with milk in Chilean children
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2008; 88(3): 605 - 611.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CLIN PEDIATRHome page
V. C. Cohran, M. Griffiths, and J. E. Heubi
Bone Mineral Density in Children Exposed to Chronic Glucocorticoid Therapy
Clinical Pediatrics, June 1, 2008; 47(5): 469 - 475.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 IBMS BoneKEyHome page
T. Winzenberg and G. Jones
Recommended Calcium Intakes in Children: Have We Set the Bar Too High?
IBMS BoneKEy, February 1, 2008; 5(2): 59 - 68.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 radtechHome page
K. D. EVANS and C. A. TAYLOR
Understanding Osteoporosis Prevalence in Hispanic Women
Radiol. Technol., July 1, 2006; 77(6): 451 - 459.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
F. R. Greer, N. F. Krebs, and Committee on Nutrition
Optimizing Bone Health and Calcium Intakes of Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Pediatrics, February 1, 2006; 117(2): 578 - 585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
R. L. Corwin, T. J. Hartman, S. A. Maczuga, and B. I. Graubard
Dietary Saturated Fat Intake Is Inversely Associated with Bone Density in Humans: Analysis of NHANES III
J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 159 - 165.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
X. Gao, M. P. LaValley, and K. L. Tucker
Prospective Studies of Dairy Product and Calcium Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis
J Natl Cancer Inst, December 7, 2005; 97(23): 1768 - 1777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Am. Coll. Nutr.Home page
R. P. Heaney and C. M. Weaver
Newer Perspectives on Calcium Nutrition and Bone Quality
J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 24(suppl_6): 574S - 581S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int J EpidemiolHome page
P. C Elwood
Time to value milk
Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2005; 34(5): 1160 - 1162.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Pediatr PsycholHome page
L. J. Stark, D. M. Janicke, A. M. McGrath, L. M. Mackner, K. A. Hommel, and D. Lovell
Prevention of Osteoporosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Increase Calcium Intake in Children with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
J. Pediatr. Psychol., July 1, 2005; 30(5): 377 - 386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IBMS BoneKEyHome page
L. K. Bachrach
Calcium and Peak Bone Mass: How Much Is Needed and When?
IBMS BoneKEy, April 1, 2005; 2(4): 11 - 14.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
R. P Dodiuk-Gad, G. S Rozen, G. Rennert, H. S Rennert, and S. Ish-Shalom
Sustained effect of short-term calcium supplementation on bone mass in adolescent girls with low calcium intake
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 168 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. Chevalley, R. Rizzoli, D. Hans, S. Ferrari, and J.-P. Bonjour
Interaction between Calcium Intake and Menarcheal Age on Bone Mass Gain: An Eight-Year Follow-Up Study from Prepuberty to Postmenarche
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 44 - 51.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
C. Molgaard, B. L Thomsen, and K. F Michaelsen
Effect of habitual dietary calcium intake on calcium supplementation in 12-14-y-old girls
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1422 - 1427.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
C. M. Gordon, K. C. DePeter, H. A. Feldman, E. Grace, and S. J. Emans
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Healthy Adolescents
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, June 1, 2004; 158(6): 531 - 537.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. O Fisher, D. C Mitchell, H. Smiciklas-Wright, M. L Mannino, and L. L Birch
Meeting calcium recommendations during middle childhood reflects mother-daughter beverage choices and predicts bone mineral status
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2004; 79(4): 698 - 706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
K. L Tucker
Does milk intake in childhood protect against later osteoporosis?
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2003; 77(1): 10 - 11.
[Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Copyright © 2003 by The American Society for Nutrition