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Evaluation of a new pediatric air-displacement plethysmograph for body-composition assessment by means of chemical analysis of bovine tissue phantoms^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Animal Science, the University of California, Davis (RDS), and Life Measurement Inc, Concord, CA (AU).

Background: Body-composition assessment reflects infant growth and nutritional status but is limited by practical considerations, accuracy, and safety.

Objective: This study evaluated the precision and accuracy of a new air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) system for pediatric body-composition assessment.

Design: We used 24 phantoms constructed from bovine lean muscle and fat. The phantoms varied in mass (1.3894–9.9516 kg) and percentage fat (%Fat; 2.08–34.40%), thereby representing infants between birth and 6 mo of age. Estimates of %Fat obtained with chemical analysis (CA), hydrostatic weighing, and ADP were compared.

Results: There was no significant difference between %Fat measured with ADP (%Fat_ADP) and %Fat measured with CA (%Fat_CA); the mean values were 18.55% and 18.59%, respectively. SDs for %Fat_ADP and %Fat_CA were not significantly different (0.70% and 0.73%, respectively). %Fat measurements obtained with ADP, CA, and hydrostatic weighing were highly correlated (r > 0.99, P < 0.0001). The regression equation (%Fat_CA = 0.996%Fat_ADP + 0.119; SEE = 0.600; adjusted R² = 0.997; P < 0.0001) did not differ significantly from the line of identity (%Fat_CA = %Fat_ADP). There was high agreement between individual measurements of %Fat_ADP and %Fat_CA, as shown by the narrow 95% limits of agreements between methods (-1.22% to 1.13%), and there was no systematic bias in individual differences across the phantom mass and %Fat ranges.

Conclusion: ADP provides a highly precise and accurate estimate of %Fat in bovine tissue phantoms in the pediatric ranges of body weight and body fatness.

Key Words: Body composition • infants • air-displacement plethysmography • chemical analysis • precision • accuracy • body fat • infant growth • infant nutrition • pediatrics • pediatric nutrition

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