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Whole-body fat oxidation rate and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in men consuming an ad libitum high-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diet^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Laval University, Québec (NL, NB, RA, PS, LC, and OD), and the Lipid Research Center, CHUQ Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Sainte-Foy, Québec (JB).

Background: High-carbohydrate diets may increase plasma triacylglycerol concentrations either by increasing production of triacylglycerols or by reducing their clearance.

Objective: We assessed whether the changes in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations induced by dietary interventions were associated with the changes in whole-body fat oxidation rates.

Design: In a parallel study, 37 healthy male subjects [body mass index (in kg/m²): 28 ± 5, age: 34 ± 11 y ( ± SD)] consumed an ad libitum high-carbohydrate (60% of energy; n = 19) or low-carbohydrate (46% of energy), high-fat (41% of energy, 23% as monounsaturated fatty acids; n = 18) diet for 7 wk. The following variables were measured before and after the dietary interventions: 1) plasma triacylglycerols before and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after a meal (containing 40% of daily energy needs and 41% fat); 2) indirect calorimetry throughout the 8-h test; and 3) postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (phLPL) activity at time 8 h of the test.

Results: The diets induced changes in 1) body weight: -2.5 ± 2.8 kg (P < 0.01) and -1.7 ± 3.1 kg (P < 0.05) and 2) fasting plasma triacylglycerols: 0.0 ± 0.4 mmol/L (NS) and -0.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L (P < 0.05) for the high-carbohydrate and the low-carbohydrate diets, respectively. In normoinsulinemic subjects (fasting insulin < 100 pmol/L), dietary changes in postprandial triacylglycerols were significantly predicted by changes in phLPL, body weight, respiratory quotient (or fat oxidation), and the type of diet (stepwise multiple linear regression).

Conclusion: Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations may depend at least partly on fat oxidation, body weight, and LPL activity.

Key Words: Blood triacylglycerols • high-carbohydrate diet • high–monounsaturated fatty acid diet • indirect calorimetry • fat oxidation rate • men

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