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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 77, No. 3, 600-604, March 2003
© 2003 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Original Research Communication

Dietary factors protecting women from urinary tract infection1,2,3

Tero Kontiokari, Jaana Laitinen, Leea Järvi, Tytti Pokka, Kaj Sundqvist and Matti Uhari

1 From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (TK, LJ, TP, and MU); the Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland (JL); and the Finnish Student Health Service, Oulu, Finland (KS).

Background: Because urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by bacteria in the stool, dietary factors may affect the risk of contracting a UTI by altering the properties of the fecal bacterial flora.

Objective: We studied dietary and other risk factors for UTI in fertile women in a case-control setting.

Design: One hundred thirty-nine women from a health center for university students or from the staff of a university hospital (mean age: 30.5 y) with a diagnosis of an acute UTI were compared with 185 age-matched women with no episodes of UTIs during the past 5 y. Data on the women’s dietary and other lifestyle habits were collected by questionnaire. A risk profile for UTI expressed in the form of adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs was modeled in logistic regression analysis for 107 case-control pairs with all relevant information.

Results: Frequent consumption of fresh juices, especially berry juices, and fermented milk products containing probiotic bacteria was associated with a decreased risk of recurrence of UTI: the OR for UTI was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.92) per 2 dL juice. A preference for berry juice over other juices gave an OR of 0.28 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.56). Consumption of fermented milk products >= 3 times/wk gave an OR of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.66) relative to consumption < 1 time/wk. Intercourse frequency was associated with an increased risk of UTI (OR for >= 3 times/wk compared with < 1 time/wk: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.16, 6.2).

Conclusion: Dietary habits seem to be an important risk factor for UTI recurrence in fertile women, and dietary guidance could be a first step toward prevention.

Key Words: Urinary tract infection • cystitis • risk • diet • women • lactobacilli • probiotics • milk • berry • fruit • juice






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