| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Original Research Communication |
1 From the National Public Health Institute, Helsinki (JM, PK, AA, and AR); the Social Insurance Institution, Helsinki and Turku (PK); and the Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio (RJ), Finland.
Background: Epidemiologic evidence of a preventive effect of whole grain against type 2 diabetes is mainly based on data from women. Information specific to men and women is needed.
Objective: The objective was to study the relation between the intake of whole grain and fiber and the subsequent incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Design: The design was a cohort study of 2286 men and 2030 women aged 40–69 y and initially free of diabetes. Food consumption data were collected from 1966 through 1972 with the use of a dietary history interview covering the habitual diet during the previous year. During a 10-y follow-up, incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified in 54 men and 102 women from a nationwide register.
Results: Whole-grain consumption was associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk (adjusted for age, sex, geographic area, smoking status, body mass index, energy intake, and intakes of vegetables, fruit, and berries) between the highest and lowest quartiles of whole-grain consumption was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.36, 1.18; P for trend = 0.02). Cereal fiber intake was also associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The relative risk between the extreme quartiles of cereal fiber intake was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.77; P = 0.01).
Conclusions: An inverse association between whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes was found. The similar result for cereal fiber intake suggests that the whole-grain association is due to cereal fiber or another factor related to cereal fiber intake.
Key Words: WORDSDiet • grain • whole grains • fiber • diabetes • epidemiology
Related articles in AJCN:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. S. Bassuk and J. E. Manson Lifestyle and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Women: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, June 1, 2008; 2(3): 191 - 213. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Andon and J. W. Anderson State of the Art Reviews: The Oatmeal-Cholesterol Connection: 10 Years Later American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, February 1, 2008; 2(1): 51 - 57. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Krishnan, L. Rosenberg, M. Singer, F. B. Hu, L. Djousse, L. A. Cupples, and J. R. Palmer Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Cereal Fiber Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Black Women Arch Intern Med, November 26, 2007; 167(21): 2304 - 2309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Andersson, S. Tengblad, B. Karlstrom, A. Kamal-Eldin, R. Landberg, S. Basu, P. Aman, and B. Vessby Whole-Grain Foods Do Not Affect Insulin Sensitivity or Markers of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammation in Healthy, Moderately Overweight Subjects J. Nutr., June 1, 2007; 137(6): 1401 - 1407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Schulze, M. Schulz, C. Heidemann, A. Schienkiewitz, K. Hoffmann, and H. Boeing Fiber and Magnesium Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study and Meta-analysis Arch Intern Med, May 14, 2007; 167(9): 956 - 965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Schulze, K. Hoffmann, H. Boeing, J. Linseisen, S. Rohrmann, M. Mohlig, A. F.H. Pfeiffer, J. Spranger, C. Thamer, H.-U. Haring, et al. An Accurate Risk Score Based on Anthropometric, Dietary, and Lifestyle Factors to Predict the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, March 1, 2007; 30(3): 510 - 515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zhang, S. Liu, C. G. Solomon, and F. B. Hu Dietary Fiber Intake, Dietary Glycemic Load, and the Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Care, October 1, 2006; 29(10): 2223 - 2230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. van Dam, F. B. Hu, L. Rosenberg, S. Krishnan, and J. R. Palmer Dietary Calcium and Magnesium, Major Food Sources, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Black Women Diabetes Care, October 1, 2006; 29(10): 2238 - 2243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. See and J. A. Murray Gluten-Free Diet: The Medical and Nutrition Management of Celiac Disease Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2006; 21(1): 1 - 15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K Jensen, P. Koh-Banerjee, M. Franz, L. Sampson, M. Gronbaek, and E. B Rimm Whole grains, bran, and germ in relation to homocysteine and markers of glycemic control, lipids, and inflammation 1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 275 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Bazzano, M. Serdula, and S. Liu Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Diet and Lifestyle Modification J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 24(5): 310 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B Schulze, K. Hoffmann, J. E Manson, W. C Willett, J. B Meigs, C. Weikert, C. Heidemann, G. A Colditz, and F. B Hu Dietary pattern, inflammation, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2005; 82(3): 675 - 684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Montonen, P. Knekt, T. Harkanen, R. Jarvinen, M. Heliovaara, A. Aromaa, and A. Reunanen Dietary Patterns and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2005; 161(3): 219 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Esmaillzadeh, P. Mirmiran, and F. Azizi Whole-grain intake and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Tehranian adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 55 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W Anderson Whole grains and coronary heart disease: the whole kernel of truth Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1459 - 1460. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K Jensen, P. Koh-Banerjee, F. B Hu, M. Franz, L. Sampson, M. Gronbaek, and E. B Rimm Intakes of whole grains, bran, and germ and the risk of coronary heart disease in men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1492 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Koh-Banerjee, M. Franz, L. Sampson, S. Liu, D. R Jacobs Jr, D. Spiegelman, W. Willett, and E. Rimm Changes in whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber consumption in relation to 8-y weight gain among men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1237 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B Schulze, S. Liu, E. B Rimm, J. E Manson, W. C Willett, and F. B Hu Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2004; 80(2): 348 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Bonora, S. Kiechl, J. Willeit, F. Oberhollenzer, G. Egger, J. B. Meigs, R. C. Bonadonna, and M. Muggeo Population-Based Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in White Individuals: The Bruneck Study Diabetes, July 1, 2004; 53(7): 1782 - 1789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. M. McKeown, J. B. Meigs, S. Liu, E. Saltzman, P. W.F. Wilson, and P. F. Jacques Carbohydrate Nutrition, Insulin Resistance, and the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Framingham Offspring Cohort Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 538 - 546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Schulze and F. B. Hu Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Metabolic Syndrome: Quality versus quantity of carbohydrates Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 613 - 614. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. T. Merchant, F. B. Hu, D. Spiegelman, W. C. Willett, E. B. Rimm, and A. Ascherio Dietary Fiber Reduces Peripheral Arterial Disease Risk in Men J. Nutr., November 1, 2003; 133(11): 3658 - 3663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Minerva BMJ, March 8, 2003; 326(7388): 558 - 558. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Liu Whole-grain foods, dietary fiber, and type 2 diabetes: searching for a kernel of truth Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 527 - 529. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
