| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Original Research Communication |
1 From the Departments of Consumer and Family Studies/Dietetics (VG) and Mathematics (MRK), San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA.
Background: Elevated serum total homocysteine (tHcy) is an independent risk factor for vascular diseases.
Objective: Associations between serum tHcy and demographics, health and lifestyle factors, and blood vitamin concentrations were investigated.
Design: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 were used to examine associations in men (n = 2965) and women (n = 3580) between tHcy and age, sex, race-ethnicity, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, alcohol consumption, supplement use, red blood cell (RBC) folate, and serum creatinine, folate, vitamin B-12, and cotinine (a measure of cigarette smoking).
Results: The unadjusted mean tHcy was 21.5% (
1.9 µmol/L) higher in men than in women, 11.8% (1.1 µmol/L) higher in non-Hispanic whites than in Mexican Americans, 42% (3.7 µmol/L) higher in persons aged 
70 y than in persons aged < 30 y, and 10.9% (1.0 µmol/L) higher in supplement nonusers than in supplement users. The tHcy concentration was negatively associated with serum folate (P < 0.0001 for trend), RBC folate (P < 0.0001 for trend), and serum vitamin B-12 (P < 0.0036 for trend) and was positively associated with alcohol consumption (P < 0.0001 for trend), serum cotinine (P < 0.0001 for trend), and systolic blood pressure (P < 0.0001 for trend). Consumption of hard liquor (but not of beer or wine) was positively associated with tHcy concentration (P < 0.0001 for trend).
Conclusions: In this population-based study, the significant predictors of tHcy concentration were sex, age, race-ethnicity, serum creatinine, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, hard-liquor consumption, smoking, supplement use, serum folate, RBC folate, and serum vitamin B-12.
Key Words: Homocysteine • third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey • NHANES III • folate • red blood cell folate • vitamin B-12 • creatinine • smoking • alcohol consumption • cotinine • age • race • ethnicity • supplements • blood pressure • body mass index • heart disease • coronary artery disease • cardiovascular disease • vascular disease
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. K. Park, M. S. O'Neill, P. S. Vokonas, D. Sparrow, A. Spiro III, K. L. Tucker, H. Suh, H. Hu, and J. Schwartz Traffic-related Particles Are Associated with Elevated Homocysteine: The VA Normative Aging Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2008; 178(3): 283 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q.-H. Yang, L. D Botto, M. Gallagher, J. Friedman, C. L Sanders, D. Koontz, S. Nikolova, J D. Erickson, and K. Steinberg Prevalence and effects of gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions on serum folate and serum total homocysteine concentrations in the United States: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey DNA Bank Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2008; 88(1): 232 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Pfeiffer, J. D. Osterloh, J. Kennedy-Stephenson, M. F. Picciano, E. A. Yetley, J. I. Rader, and C. L. Johnson Trends in Circulating Concentrations of Total Homocysteine among US Adolescents and Adults: Findings from the 1991-1994 and 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys Clin. Chem., May 1, 2008; 54(5): 801 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H Halsted, D. H Wong, J. M Peerson, C. H Warden, H. Refsum, A D. Smith, O. K Nygard, P. M Ueland, S. E Vollset, and G. S Tell Relations of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) polymorphisms to folate and homocysteine concentrations and to scores of cognition, anxiety, and depression in a homogeneous Norwegian population: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 514 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Zittan, M. Preis, I. Asmir, A. Cassel, N. Lindenfeld, S. Alroy, D. A. Halon, B. S. Lewis, A. Shiran, J. E. Schliamser, et al. High frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in asymptomatic individuals homozygous to MTHFR C677T mutation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and homocysteinemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H860 - H865. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Berstad, S. V Konstantinova, H. Refsum, E. Nurk, S. E. Vollset, G. S Tell, P. M Ueland, C. A Drevon, and G. Ursin Dietary fat and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in 2 adult age groups: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2007; 85(6): 1598 - 1605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ganji and M. R Kafai Population reference values for plasma total homocysteine concentrations in US adults after the fortification of cereals with folic acid. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2006; 84(5): 989 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. N Hanson, H. M Engelman, D L. Alekel, K. L Schalinske, M. L Kohut, and M. B Reddy Effects of soy isoflavones and phytate on homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and iron status in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 774 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Refsum, E. Nurk, A. D. Smith, P. M. Ueland, C. G. Gjesdal, I. Bjelland, A. Tverdal, G. S. Tell, O. Nygard, and S. E. Vollset The Hordaland Homocysteine Study: A Community-Based Study of Homocysteine, Its Determinants, and Associations with Disease J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1731S - 1740S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ganji and M. R. Kafai Trends in Serum Folate, RBC Folate, and Circulating Total Homocysteine Concentrations in the United States: Analysis of Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994, 1999-2000, and 2001-2002 J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 153 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. O. Song, C.-E. Chung, O. K. Chun, and S. Cho Serum Homocysteine Concentration of US Adults Associated with Fortified Cereal Consumption J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2005; 24(6): 503 - 509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Retnakaran, A. J.G. Hanley, P. W. Connelly, S. B. Harris, and B. Zinman Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular risk factors among Aboriginal Canadian youths Can. Med. Assoc. J., October 11, 2005; 173(8): 885 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Feinbloom and K. A. Bauer Assessment of Hemostatic Risk Factors in Predicting Arterial Thrombotic Events Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 25(10): 2043 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Pitsavos, D. B Panagiotakos, N. Tzima, C. Chrysohoou, M. Economou, A. Zampelas, and C. Stefanadis Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with total antioxidant capacity in healthy adults: the ATTICA study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2005; 82(3): 694 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M Pfeiffer, S. P Caudill, E. W Gunter, J. Osterloh, and E. J Sampson Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2005; 82(2): 442 - 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Weikert, K. Hoffmann, J. Dierkes, B.-C. Zyriax, K. Klipstein-Grobusch, M. B. Schulze, R. Jung, E. Windler, and H. Boeing A Homocysteine Metabolism-Related Dietary Pattern and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Two Independent German Study Populations J. Nutr., August 1, 2005; 135(8): 1981 - 1988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Cravo Alcohol, methylenetetrahydrofolate 677C->T genotype, and low folate intake: concurrent causes for hyperhomocysteinemia Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2005; 82(1): 3 - 4. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E Chiuve, E. L Giovannucci, S. E Hankinson, D. J Hunter, M. J Stampfer, W. C Willett, and E. B Rimm Alcohol intake and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism modify the relation of folate intake to plasma homocysteine Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2005; 82(1): 155 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ganji and M. R Kafai Frequent consumption of milk, yogurt, cold breakfast cereals, peppers, and cruciferous vegetables and intakes of dietary folate and riboflavin but not vitamins B-12 and B-6 are inversely associated with serum total homocysteine concentrations in the US population Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1500 - 1507. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. V Dedoussis, D. B Panagiotakos, C. Chrysohoou, C. Pitsavos, A. Zampelas, D. Choumerianou, and C. Stefanadis Effect of interaction between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C->T mutation on homocysteine concentrations in healthy adults: the ATTICA Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 849 - 854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Chrysohoou, D. B. Panagiotakos, C. Pitsavos, U. N. Das, and C. Stefanadis Adherence to the Mediterranean diet attenuates inflammation and coagulation process in healthy adults: The Attica study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 7, 2004; 44(1): 152 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Chrysohoou, D. B Panagiotakos, C. Pitsavos, A. Zeimbekis, A. Zampelas, L. Papademetriou, C. Masoura, and C. Stefanadis The associations between smoking, physical activity, dietary habits and plasma homocysteine levels in cardiovascular disease-free people: the 'ATTICA' study Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2004; 9(2): 117 - 123. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Carmel, R. Green, D. S. Rosenblatt, and D. Watkins Update on Cobalamin, Folate, and Homocysteine Hematology, January 1, 2003; 2003(1): 62 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
