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Original Research Communication |
1 From the Department of Physiology and Division of Nutrition (AVK, TR, SV, and PT) and the Department of Biochemistry (JG), St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India, and the Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (MMR and VRY).
Background: We showed previously by the 24-h direct amino acid balance (DAAB) method that the leucine requirement of well-nourished Western and South Asian subjects is 
40 mg • kg-1•d-1.
Objective: It is not known whether this estimated leucine requirement is applicable in chronic undernutrition; therefore, we assessed the leucine requirement in Indian men with chronic, but stable, undernutrition.
Design: We studied 26 chronically undernourished men during 2 randomly assigned 7-d diet periods consisting of an L-amino acid diet (n = 20) and supplying either 14 and 30 (n = 10) or 22 and 40 (n = 10) mg leucine • kg-1• d-1 or consisting of the subjects’ habitual cereal-and-lentil-based diets (n = 6). The 24-h DAAB was estimated on day 6 by using a [13C]leucine tracer infusion. The splanchnic uptake of leucine was determined at an intake of 40 mg • kg-1• d-1 by administering [2H3]leucine orally.
Results: By using mixed-models linear regression of leucine balance against leucine intake, we estimated a zero leucine balance at a leucine intake of 39.6 mg • kg-1• d-1. The splanchnic first-pass uptake of [2H3]leucine was 22.7% and 11.5% of the intake in the fasted and fed phases, respectively. The subjects were in neutral leucine balance with their habitual cereal-and-lentil-based diets.
Conclusion: On the basis of the 24-h DAAB approach, a mean leucine requirement of 40 mg • kg-1• d-1 is proposed for healthy and for chronically undernourished Indian adults.
Key Words: WORDSIndia • chronic undernutrition • leucine requirement • amino acid oxidation • amino acid balance • splanchnic uptake
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