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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Nutrition and Neurocognitive Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston (CS-M and AM); the Department of Plant Foods Science and Technology, Instituto del Frío-CSIC, Madrid (MPC, BdA, and LP); and the Unit of Vitamins, Section of Nutrition, Clínica Puerta de Hierro, Madrid (BO and FG).
Background: Consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with improved health and a decreased prevalence of chronic degenerative processes.
Objectives: The objectives were to assess the bioavailability of vitamin C from orange juice and its influence on plasma vitamin C and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2
(8-epi-PGF2) concentrations in a healthy human population.
Design: Six men and 6 women consumed 500 mL commercial fresh-squeezed orange juice/d for 14 d, corresponding to an intake of 250 mg ascorbic acid/d. On the first day of the study, the subjects drank the juice in one dose (dose-response study), and on days 2–14 they consumed 250 mL in the morning and 250 mL in the afternoon. Blood was collected every hour for 6 h on the first day and again on days 7 and 14.
Results: Baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.03) among the women than among the men (56.4 ± 4.4 compared with 44.3 ± 3.5 µmol/L). In the dose-response study, the maximum increase in plasma vitamin C occurred 3 h postdose in both the men and the women. Vitamin C concentrations remained significantly higher on days 7 and 14 than at baseline. Baseline concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2 were significantly higher (P = 0.03) among the men than among the women (249.6 ± 25.4 compared with 177.7 ± 6.2 pg/mL) but decreased significantly (P = 0.04) by day 14 of the intervention. A significant inverse correlation was observed between vitamin C and 8-epi-PGF2 (r = -0.791, P = 0.0022). Among smokers, baseline vitamin C was lower and 8-epi-PGF2 higher than among nonsmokers.
Conclusions: Drinking orange juice (500 mL/d) increases plasma concentrations of vitamin C and reduces concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2 in humans. These effects were significantly more pronounced in smokers.
Key Words: Orange juice • vitamin C • bioavailability • F2-isoprostanes • uric acid • food-frequency questionnaire • smoking
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