| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Supplement |
1 From the Minnesota Obesity Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis (ASL and CMK); the Geriatric, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis (CMK); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (ASL); the Department of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul (ASL and CMK); the Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND (BAG); and the Department of Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND (BAG).
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years in the United States, with similar patterns seen in several other countries. Although there are several potential explanations for this dramatic increase in obesity, dietary influences are a contributing factor. An inverse correlation between dietary sugar intake and body mass index has been reported, suggesting beneficial effects of carbohydrate intake on body mass index. In this review we discuss how sugars interact with regulatory neurochemicals in the brain to affect both energy intake and energy expenditure. These neurochemicals appear to be involved in dietary selection, and sugars and palatable substances affect neurochemical changes in the brain. For example, rats that drink sucrose solutions for 3 wk have major changes in neuronal activity in the limbic area of the brain, a region involved in pleasure and other emotions. We also investigate the relations between sucrose (and other sweet substances), drugs of abuse, and the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. The presence of sucrose in an animal’s cage can affect the animals desire to self-administer drugs of abuse. Also, an animal’s level of sucrose preference can predict its desire to self-administer cocaine. Such data suggest a relation between sweet taste and drug reward, although the relevance to humans is unclear. Finally, we address the influence of sugar on body weight control. For example, sucrose feeding for 2 wk decreases the efficiency of energy utilization and increases gene expression of uncoupling protein 3 in muscle, suggesting that sucrose may influence uncoupling protein 3 activity and contribute to changes in metabolic efficiency and thus regulation of body weight.
Key Words: WORDSSucrose • neuropeptides • dopamine • reward • energy expenditure • uncoupling proteins • substance abuse • carbohydrates
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Keskitalo, H. Tuorila, T. D Spector, L. F Cherkas, A. Knaapila, J. Kaprio, K. Silventoinen, and M. Perola The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, body mass index, and responses to sweet and salty fatty foods: a twin study of genetic and environmental associations Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 263 - 271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Beck and S. Richy Differential long-term dietary regulation of adipokines, ghrelin, or corticosterone: impact on adiposity J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2008; 196(1): 171 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Inoue, J. I. Glendinning, M. L. Theodorides, S. Harkness, X. Li, N. Bosak, G. K. Beauchamp, and A. A. Bachmanov Allelic variation of the Tas1r3 taste receptor gene selectively affects taste responses to sweeteners: evidence from 129.B6-Tas1r3 congenic mice Physiol Genomics, December 19, 2007; 32(1): 82 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Roseberry, T. Painter, G. P. Mark, and J. T. Williams Decreased Vesicular Somatodendritic Dopamine Stores in Leptin-Deficient Mice J. Neurosci., June 27, 2007; 27(26): 7021 - 7027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. A. Archer, J. Corneloup, D. V. Rayner, P. Barrett, K. M. Moar, and J. G. Mercer Solid and Liquid Obesogenic Diets Induce Obesity and Counter-Regulatory Changes in Hypothalamic Gene Expression in Juvenile Sprague-Dawley Rats J. Nutr., June 1, 2007; 137(6): 1483 - 1490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Hajnal, M. Covasa, and N. T. Bello Altered taste sensitivity in obese, prediabetic OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2005; 289(6): R1675 - R1686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. J. Geor Role of dietary energy source in the expression of chronic exertional myopathies in horses J Anim Sci, June 1, 2005; 83(13_suppl): E32 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R Lineback and J. M. Jones Sugars and Health Workshop: summary and conclusions Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2003; 78(4): 893S - 897. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
