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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (DM, SEH, WCW, and EBR); the Departments of Nutrition (DM, TP, WCW, and EBR) and Epidemiology (DM, SEH, KJ, WCW, and EBR), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston; the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle (DM); the Franz-Volhard-Clinic, Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin (TP); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (NR); and the Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston (KJ).
Background:trans Fatty acid (TFA) intake predicts risks of coronary artery disease and diabetes. Systemic inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of such conditions; however, relations between TFA intake and systemic inflammation are not well established.
Objective: We investigated the relations between TFA intake and inflammatory markers.
Design: In 823 generally healthy women in the Nurses’ Health Study I and II, concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor 
receptors 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Usual dietary intakes assessed from 2 semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires were averaged for each subject.
Results: In age-adjusted analyses, TFA intake was positively associated with sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 (P for trend < 0.001 for each): sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2 concentrations were 10% (+108 pg/mL; 95% CI: 50, 167 pg/mL) and 12% (+258 pg/mL; 138, 377 pg/mL) higher, respectively, in the highest intake quintile than in the lowest. These associations were not appreciably altered by adjustment for body mass index, smoking, physical activity, aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, alcohol consumption, and intakes of saturated fat, protein, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids, fiber, and total energy. Adjustment for serum lipid concentrations partly attenuated these associations, which suggests that they may be partly mediated by effects of TFAs on serum lipids. TFA intake was not associated with IL-6 or CRP concentrations overall but was positively associated with IL-6 and CRP in women with higher body mass index (P for interaction = 0.03 for each).
Conclusions: TFA intake is positively associated with markers of systemic inflammation in women. Further investigation of the influences of TFAs on inflammation and of implications for coronary disease, diabetes, and other conditions is warranted.
Key Words: trans Fatty acids • diet • inflammation • tumor necrosis factor receptors • women
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