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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 79, No. 5, 820-825, May 2004
© 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and ß cell dysfunction1,2,3

Ken C Chiu, Audrey Chu, Vay Liang W Go and Mohammed F Saad

1 From the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (KCC, AC, MFS) and the Center for Clinical Nutrition (VLWG), Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.

Background: Although the role of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes is well recognized, its relation to glucose metabolism is not well studied.

Objective: We investigated the relation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations to insulin sensitivity and ß cell function.

Design: We enrolled 126 healthy, glucose-tolerant subjects living in California. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and first- and second-phase insulin responses (1stIR and 2ndIR) were assessed by using a hyperglycemic clamp.

Results: Univariate regression analyses showed that 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with ISI (P < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with 1stIR (P = 0.0045) and 2ndIR (P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analyses confirmed an independent correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and ISI (P = 0.0007). No independent correlation was observed between 25(OH)D concentration and 1stIR or 2ndIR. However, an independent negative relation of 25(OH)D concentration with plasma glucose concentration was observed at fasting (P = 0.0258), 60 min (P = 0.0011), 90 min (P = 0.0011), and 120 min (P = 0.0007) during the oral-glucose-tolerance test. Subjects with hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/mL) had a greater prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome than did subjects without hypovitaminosis D (30% compared with 11%; P = 0.0076).

Conclusions: The data show a positive correlation of 25(OH)D concentration with insulin sensitivity and a negative effect of hypovitaminosis D on ß cell function. Subjects with hypovitaminosis D are at higher risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Key Words: Diabetes mellitus • insulin sensitivity • ß cell function • glucose metabolism • insulin resistance • vitamin D • hypovitaminosis D • metabolic syndrome




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Overview of the Proceedings from Experimental Biology 2004 Symposium: Vitamin D Insufficiency: A Significant Risk Factor in Chronic Diseases and Potential Disease-Specific Biomarkers of Vitamin D Sufficiency
J. Nutr., February 1, 2005; 135(2): 301 - 303.
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 J. Nutr.Home page
S. J. Whiting and M. S. Calvo
Dietary Recommendations for Vitamin D: a Critical Need for Functional End Points to Establish an Estimated Average Requirement
J. Nutr., February 1, 2005; 135(2): 304 - 309.
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 J. Nutr.Home page
M. S. Calvo, S. J. Whiting, and C. N. Barton
Vitamin D Intake: A Global Perspective of Current Status
J. Nutr., February 1, 2005; 135(2): 310 - 316.
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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
B. J Boucher, W G. John, and K. Noonan
Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and {beta} cell dysfunction
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1666 - 1666.
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K. C Chiu
Reply to BJ Boucher et al
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1666 - 1667.
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 Diabetes CareHome page
R. Scragg, M. Sowers, and C. Bell
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Diabetes, and Ethnicity in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2004; 27(12): 2813 - 2818.
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D. M. Harris and V. L. W. Go
Vitamin D and Colon Carcinogenesis
J. Nutr., December 1, 2004; 134(12): 3463S - 3471S.
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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. F McCarty
Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and insulin sensitivity
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1451 - 1452.
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K. C Chiu
Reply to M Manco et al and to MF McCarty
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1452 - 1453.
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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. Manco, M. Calvani, and G. Mingrone
How to consider low serum vitamin D as a risk factor for insulin resistance?
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1450 - 1451.
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