| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Background: Choline is a required nutrient, and humans deprived of choline develop liver damage.
Objective: This study examined the effect of choline deficiency on muscle cells and the release of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) as a sequela of that deficiency.
Design: Four men were fed diets containing adequate and deficient amounts of choline, and serum was collected at intervals for measurement of CPK. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were cultured in a defined medium containing 0 or 70 µmol choline/L for up to 96 h, and CPK was measured in the media; choline and metabolites were measured in cells. Apoptosis was assessed by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling and activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Cell fragility in response to hypo-osmotic stress was also assessed.
Results: Three of 4 humans fed a choline-deficient diet had significantly elevated serum CPK activity derived from skeletal muscle (up to 66-fold; P < 0.01) that resolved when choline was restored to their diets. Cells grown in choline-deficient medium for 72 h leaked 3.5-fold more CPK than did cells grown in medium with 70 µmol choline/L (control medium; P < 0.01). Apoptosis was induced in cells grown in choline-deficient medium. Phosphatidylcholine concentrations were diminished in choline-deficient cells (to 43% of concentrations in control cells at 72 h; P < 0.01), as were concentrations of intracellular choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine. Cells grown in choline-deficient medium had greater membrane osmotic fragility than did cells grown in control medium.
Conclusions: Choline deficiency results in diminished concentrations of membrane phosphatidylcholine in myocytes, which makes them more fragile and results in increased leakage of CPK from cells. Serum CPK may be a useful clinical marker for choline deficiency in humans.
Key Words: Creatine phosphokinase • choline deficiency • muscle • myoblasts • apoptosis • phosphatidylcholine
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. H Zeisel Importance of methyl donors during reproduction Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2009; 89(2): 673S - 677S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Veenema, C. Solis, R. Li, W. Wang, C. V Maletz, C. M Abratte, and M. A Caudill Adequate Intake levels of choline are sufficient for preventing elevations in serum markers of liver dysfunction in Mexican American men but are not optimal for minimizing plasma total homocysteine increases after a methionine load Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2008; 88(3): 685 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Solis, K. Veenema, A. A. Ivanov, S. Tran, R. Li, W. Wang, D. J. Moriarty, C. V. Maletz, and M. A. Caudill Folate Intake at RDA Levels Is Inadequate for Mexican American Men with the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 677TT Genotype J. Nutr., January 1, 2008; 138(1): 67 - 72. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H Zeisel Nutrigenomics and metabolomics will change clinical nutrition and public health practice: insights from studies on dietary requirements for choline Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 542 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Resseguie, J. Song, M. D. Niculescu, K.-A. da Costa, T. A. Randall, and S. H. Zeisel Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes FASEB J, August 1, 2007; 21(10): 2622 - 2632. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M Fischer, K. A. daCosta, L. Kwock, P. W Stewart, T.-S. Lu, S. P Stabler, R. H Allen, and S. H Zeisel Sex and menopausal status influence human dietary requirements for the nutrient choline Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2007; 85(5): 1275 - 1285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Zeisel Response to: DEA in consumer products is safe FASEB J, January 1, 2007; 21(1): 296 - 297. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-A. da Costa, M. D Niculescu, C. N Craciunescu, L. M Fischer, and S. H Zeisel Choline deficiency increases lymphocyte apoptosis and DNA damage in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2006; 84(1): 88 - 94. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-A. da Costa, O. G. Kozyreva, J. Song, J. A. Galanko, L. M. Fischer, and S. H. Zeisel Common genetic polymorphisms affect the human requirement for the nutrient choline FASEB J, July 1, 2006; 20(9): 1336 - 1344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kohlmeier, K.-A. da Costa, L. M. Fischer, and S. H. Zeisel Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans PNAS, November 1, 2005; 102(44): 16025 - 16030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H Zeisel Choline, homocysteine, and pregnancy Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2005; 82(4): 719 - 720. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-A. da Costa, C. E Gaffney, L. M Fischer, and S. H Zeisel Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2005; 81(2): 440 - 444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
