AJCN Tufts Nutrition Symposium, Boston & Online Sept 2009
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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 80, No. 1, 171-177, July 2004
© 2004 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Both free and esterified plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption and the bioavailability of ß-carotene and {alpha}-tocopherol in normocholesterolemic humans1,2

Myriam Richelle, Marc Enslen, Corinne Hager, Michel Groux, Isabelle Tavazzi, Jean-Philippe Godin, Alvin Berger, Sylviane Métairon, Sylvie Quaile, Christelle Piguet-Welsch, Laurent Sagalowicz, Hilary Green and Laurent Bernard Fay

1 From the Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, Lausanne, Switzerland (MR, ME, CH, IT, J-PG, AB, SM, SQ, CP-W, LS, HG, and LBF) and Nestlé Product Technology, Centre Konolfingen, Konolfingen, Switzerland (MG)

Background: Plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption, which leads to a decrease in plasma and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Plant sterols also lower plasma concentrations of carotenoids and {alpha}-tocopherol, but the mechanism of action is not yet understood.

Objectives: The aims of this clinical study were to determine whether plant sterols affect the bioavailability of ß-carotene and {alpha}-tocopherol in normocholesterolemic men and to compare the effects of plant sterol esters and plant free sterols on cholesterol absorption.

Design: Twenty-six normocholesterolemic men completed the double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Subjects consumed daily, for 1 wk, each of the following 3 supplements: a low-fat milk-based beverage alone (control) or the same beverage supplemented with 2.2 g plant sterol equivalents provided as either free sterols or sterol esters. During this 1-wk supplementation period, subjects consumed a standardized diet.

Results: Both of the milks enriched with plant sterols induced a similar (60%) decrease in cholesterol absorption. Plant free sterols and plant sterol esters reduced the bioavailability of ß-carotene by {approx}50% and that of {alpha}-tocopherol by {approx}20%. The reduction in ß-carotene bioavailability was significantly less with plant free sterols than with plant sterol esters. At the limit of significance (P = 0.054) in the area under the curve, the reduction in {alpha}-tocopherol bioavailability was also less with plant free sterols than with plant sterol esters.

Conclusions: Both plant sterols reduced ß-carotene and {alpha}-tocopherol bioavailability and cholesterol absorption in normocholesterolemic men. However, plant sterol esters reduced the bioavailability of ß-carotene and {alpha}-tocopherol more than did plant free sterols.

Key Words: Plant sterol • cholesterol • absorption • vitamin E • tocopherol • carotenoids


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