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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Northern Ireland Center for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, United Kingdom (CPMcG and PJR); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (LJM and GWC) and the Department of Child Health (MJS and DCW), Queen’s University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (MMR); and the School of Applied Medical Sciences and Sports Studies, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, United Kingdom (CAB).
Background: Studies examining the relation between bone mineral density (BMD) and fruit and vegetable consumption during adolescence are rare.
Objective: Our objective was to determine whether usual fruit and vegetable intakes reported by adolescents have any influence on BMD.
Design: BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the nondominant forearm and dominant heel in a random sample of 12-y-old boys (n = 324), 12-y-old girls (n = 378), 15-y-old boys (n = 274), and 15-y-old girls (n = 369). Usual fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed by an interviewer-administered diet history method. Relations between BMD and fruit and vegetable intake were assessed by using regression modeling.
Results: Using multiple linear regression to adjust for the potential confounding influence of physical and lifestyle factors, we observed that 12-y-old girls consuming high amounts of fruit had significantly higher heel BMD (ß = 0.037; 95% CI: 0.017, 0.056) than did the moderate fruit consumers. No other associations were observed.
Conclusion: High intakes of fruit may be important for bone health in girls. It is possible that fruit’s alkaline-forming properties mediate the body’s acid-base balance. However, intervention studies are required to confirm the findings of this observational study.
Key Words: Fruit • vegetables • bone mineral density • adolescence • bone health • dietary intake
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