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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (SY); the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (SY, TN, TB, IFZ, and S-JY); and the Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans (SRS and GSB).
Background: Previous studies suggested that dietary intakes affect individual risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine dietary intakes in 1181 young adults aged 19–38 y (38.1% men; 25% African Americans and 75% whites) in relation to metabolic syndrome risk factors in the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Design: Participants were stratified into 3 groups according to the number of risk factors (0, 1–2, 
3) associated with the metabolic syndrome according to the diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, and dietary intakes were compared between the groups with a cross-sectional analysis.
Results: After adjustment for age, total energy intake, body mass index, and physical activity, mean (±SE) intakes of fruit, fruit juice, and vegetables were significantly higher in subjects who had no risk factors than in subjects who had 1–2 risk factors (3.30 ± 0.09 compared with 2.99 ± 0.07 servings/d; P < 0.05). The mean intake of sweetened beverages was lower in subjects who had no risk factors than in subjects who had 1–2 risk factors or 3 risk factors among whites (1.45 ± 0.08 compared with 1.77 ± 0.07 and 2.22 ± 0.15 serving/d, respectively, in men; 1.26 ± 0.06 compared with 1.62 ± 0.05 and 1.78 ± 0.13 servings/d, respectively, in women; P < 0.001) but not among African Americans.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that low fruit and vegetable consumption and high sweetened beverage consumption are independently associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in specific sex-ethnicity populations.
Key Words: Metabolic syndrome • Bogalusa Heart Study • diet • alcohol • fruit and vegetables • sweetened beverages
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