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Glucose appearance in the peripheral circulation and liver glucose output in men after a large ¹³C starch meal^1,2,3

¹ From the Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France (MK-A, HR, DB, and XL); the Service de Nutrition Parentérale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France (HR, DB, and XL); the Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Canada(FP); and the Groupe de Recherches Appliquées en Phytotechnologie, Commission de l’Énergie Atomique, Cadarache, France (MP).

Background:Glucose absorption from starchy food has only been described with small amounts ingested (20–75 g).

Objective:Our aim was to describe total plasma (Ra) and exogenous glucose (Ra_exo) appearance, glucose release from the liver (HGP), and the metabolic response after ingestion of 5 g polished or parboiled rice/kg body mass.

Design:Gas exchange and urea excretion were monitored in 8 healthy subjects before (3.5 h) and after (8 h) ingestion of rice intrinsically labeled with ¹³C; [6,6-²H₂]glucose was infused for the measurement of Ra, Ra_exo, and HGP.

Results:Changes in plasma glucose, insulin, lactate, and free fatty acids and the increase in Ra_exo and Ra (200%) and the decrease in HGP (90%) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) after ingestion of either rice. Glucose oxidation was not significantly different (111.6 ± 8.2 compared with 89.0 ± 11.3 g; P = 0.13), but fat oxidation was significantly lower (9.9 ± 1.7 compared with 21.3 ± 4.0 g; P < 0.05) after parboiled than after polished rice. The percentage of the glucose load that appeared in the circulation over 8 h was not significantly different after ingestion of polished (70.4 ± 4.5%) or parboiled (63.8 ± 2.0%) rice (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:Although the starch in parboiled rice is less susceptible to digestion in vitro, exogenous glucose availability was not significantly different after ingestion of large amounts of polished or parboiled rice. Glucose absorption remains incomplete 8 h after ingestion of both types of rice.

Key Words: Starch • glucose kinetics • stable isotope • indirect respiratory calorimetry • de novo lipogenesis • insulin • healthy men