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Glycemic and insulinemic meal responses modulate postprandial hepatic and intestinal lipoprotein accumulation in obese, insulin-resistant subjects^1,2,3

¹ From the UMR 476-INSERM/1260-INRA, Human Nutrition and Lipids, Faculty of Medecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France (AH, SP, SV-B, MC, MS, CD, HP, and DL); the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France (M-CB and DR); the Clinical Biochemistry Centre, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France (A-ML, CD, and HP); and Danone Vitapole, Danone Group R & D Center, Palaiseau, France (SV and VL).

Background: Exacerbated postprandial lipemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is linked to insulin status. Limited data on the effect of dietary carbohydrate on postprandial lipoprotein accumulation are available.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that dietary carbohydrates with different glucose availability alter postprandial lipoprotein metabolism differently in obese, insulin-resistant subjects.

Design: After an overnight fast, 9 subjects with central obesity and insulin resistance but normal triacylglycerolemia randomly ingested 2 test meals with comparable amounts of fat (28–29 g) and digestible carbohydrate (91–94 g) but with different quantities of slowly available glucose (SAG) in cereal products (17 or 2 g SAG/100 g for biscuits and wheat flakes, respectively). Blood samples were collected before and for 6 h after meal intakes.

Results: The postmeal 0–2-h areas under the curve (AUCs) for glycemia and insulinemia were significantly lower (P < 0.05) after the biscuit meal than after the flakes meal. Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations increased significantly after the flakes meal but not after the biscuit meal (1.5-fold higher 0–6-h AUC for the flakes meal). Apolipoprotein B-100 concentrations in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction increased significantly 2 h after the flakes meal but not after the biscuit meal (3-fold higher 0–6-h AUC for the flakes meal). Apolipoprotein B-48 concentrations increased (P < 0.05) 4 h after the flakes meal but not after the biscuit meal (2.3-fold higher 0–6-h AUC for the flakes meal).

Conclusion: Mixed meals containing slowly digestible carbohydrate that induces low glycemic and insulinemic responses reduce the postprandial accumulation of both hepatically and intestinally derived triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins in obese subjects with insulin resistance.

Key Words: Test meals • carbohydrate • slowly digestible carbohydrate • glycemic index • lipemia • triacylglycerols • triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins • cholesterol • apolipoprotein B-100 • apolipoprotein B-48 • glucose • insulin • cardiovascular disease

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Carbohydrates and the postprandial state: have our cake and eat it too?

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