HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Trebble, T. M Articles by Stroud, M. A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Trebble, T. M Articles by Stroud, M. A Agricola Articles by Trebble, T. M Articles by Stroud, M. A

Fish oil and antioxidants alter the composition and function of circulating mononuclear cells in Crohn disease^1,2,3

¹ From the Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine (TMT, SAW, PCC, and MAS), the MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit (NKA), the Medical Statistics/Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute (MAM), and the Division of Infection, Inflammation and Repair (DRF), University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Background: Crohn disease (CD) is associated with osteoporosis and other extraintestinal manifestations that might be mediated by cytokines from circulating (peripheral blood) mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces disease activity in patients with CD with raised laboratory markers of inflammation and in healthy subjects alters PBMC function.

Objective: We investigated the effect of fish oil plus antioxidants on cytokine production by PBMCs from patients with CD with raised C-reactive protein concentrations (6.9 mg/L) or erythrocyte sedimentation rates (18 mm/h).

Design: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fish oil (2.7 g EPA and DHA/d; n = 31) or placebo (olive oil; n = 31) for 24 wk was conducted in patients with CD. The fish-oil group additionally received an antioxidant preparation (vitamins A, C, and E and selenium). Exclusion criteria included corticosteroid use. Fatty acid composition was measured by gas chromatography. Production of tumor necrosis factor , interferon (IFN-), and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays after stimulation with mitogen and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide).

Results: Fish-oil plus antioxidant dietary supplementation was associated with higher EPA and DHA incorporation into PBMCs (P < 0.001) and lower arachidonic acid (P = 0.006) and lower production of IFN- by mitogen-stimulated PBMCs (P = 0.012) and of PGE₂ by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PBMCs (P = 0.047).

Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with fish oil plus antioxidants is associated with modified PBMC composition and lower production of PGE₂ and IFN- by circulating monocytes or macrophages. The response of extraintestinal manifestations of CD should be investigated in a randomized controlled trial.

Key Words: Mononuclear cell • cytokines • polyunsaturated fatty acids • Crohn disease

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. Parekh, R. J. Chappell, A. E. Millen, D. M. Albert, and J. A. Mares Association Between Vitamin D and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 Through 1994 Arch Ophthalmol, May 1, 2007; 125(5): 661 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Seddon, S. George, and B. Rosner Cigarette Smoking, Fish Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake, and Associations With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The US Twin Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Arch Ophthalmol, July 1, 2006; 124(7): 995 - 1001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. C Calder n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2006; 83(6): S1505 - 1519S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]