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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Departments of Psychiatry (RIB and AJS) and Pediatrics (VAS), School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (RIB) and the Division of GI & Nutrition (VAS), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; and Biomedical Statistical Consulting, Wynnewood, PA (GM)
Background: The contribution of familial factors to adiposity in children is poorly understood.
Objective: The objective was to assess differences in growth in the first 6 y of life in children born to either overweight or lean mothers.
Design: The body size and composition of 33 children at high risk and 37 children at low risk of obesity on the basis of the mother's overweight [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) of 30.2 ± 4.2 and 19.5 ± 1.1, respectively] were measured repeatedly from 3 mo to 6 y of age at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Results: At year 2, no significant differences in any measure were observed between the high- and low-risk groups. By year 4, weight, BMI, and lean body mass were greater in the high-risk than in the low-risk children. By year 6, weight was even greater in the high-risk than in the low-risk children (23.4 ± 6.4 compared with 20.4 ± 2.1 kg; P < 0.02), and, for the first time, fat mass was greater in the high-risk than in the low-risk children (6.7 ± 5.7 compared with 3.8 ± 1.2 kg; P < 0.02). Ten of 33 high-risk children exceeded the 85th percentile of BMI at year 6 compared with 1 of 37 low-risk children (odds ratio = 15.7). Accelerated weight gain was predicted by high-risk group status, greater weight at year 2, and lower family income.
Conclusion: Anthropometric measures were not significantly different between groups at year 2; weight and lean body mass were greater at years 4 and 6, and fat mass was greater at year 6 in high-risk children.
Key Words: Childhood • obesity • genetic influence • risk factors • body weight • fat mass • skinfold thickness
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