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Sustained effect of short-term calcium supplementation on bone mass in adolescent girls with low calcium intake^1,2,3

¹ From the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (RPD-G, GR, and SI-S); the Department of Clinical Nutrition (GSR) and the Metabolic Bone Disease Unit (SI-S), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel; and the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel (GR and HSR)

Background: The effect of short-term calcium supplementation on peak bone mass in adolescent girls is not completely defined. In our previous double-blind, placebo-controlled, calcium-supplementation study (1000 mg calcium carbonate/d), we showed that calcium supplementation of postmenarcheal girls with low calcium intakes enhances bone mineral acquisition.

Objective: The objective of this follow-up study, conducted 3.5 y after the end of calcium supplementation, was to investigate the sustained effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral mass.

Design: Anthropometric data, nutrient intakes, and bone variables were reassessed in 96 of the 100 adolescent girls whose data had been studied at the end of the supplementation period. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results: The calcium-supplemented group tended to have a greater accretion of total-body BMD (TBBMD) than did the control group 3.5 y after the end of supplementation. The finding was statistically significant in the active-treatment cohort (n = 17 in the calcium-supplemented group and 28 in the placebo group), who had a compliance rate of 75% during the intervention study. In a multivariate linear-regression analysis, TBBMD accretion from the beginning of the intervention study to the follow-up study in the active-treatment cohort was attributed to calcium supplementation and to the time since inclusion in the initial study.

Conclusion: Calcium supplementation for 1 y in postmenarcheal girls with low calcium intakes may provide a sustained effect on the basis of TBBMD measurements in participants with compliance rates of 75%.

Key Words: Low calcium intake • calcium supplementation • bone density • adolescents • postmenarcheal girls • follow-up study

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