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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 81, No. 1, 317S-325S, January 2005
© 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

DIETARY POLYPHENOLS AND HEALTH: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POLYPHENOLS AND HEALTH

Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies1,2,3,4

Ilja CW Arts and Peter CH Hollman

1 From RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands

ABSTRACT

Plant polyphenols, a large group of natural antioxidants, are serious candidates in explanations of the protective effects of vegetables and fruits against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiologic studies are useful for evaluation of the human health effects of long-term exposure to physiologic concentrations of polyphenols, but reliable data on polyphenol contents of foods are still scarce. The aim of this review is to summarize available epidemiologic data on the health effects of polyphenols, focusing on the flavonoid subclasses of flavonols, flavones, and catechins and on lignans. Data obtained to date suggest beneficial effects of both flavonoids and lignans on cardiovascular diseases but not on cancer, with the possible exception of lung cancer. There is a need for more research on stroke and lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies to date have included only flavonols and flavones. With data becoming available for other polyphenols, these compounds should be included in future studies. Careful design of prospective studies is important to offset some of the major drawbacks of epidemiologic studies, including residual confounding (by smoking and other dietary factors) and exposure assessment.

Key Words: Review • epidemiology • polyphenols • flavonoids • flavonols • catechins • lignans • antioxidants • phytoestrogens • cancer • cardiovascular diseases • stroke




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