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Plasma antioxidant capacity in response to diets high in soy or animal protein with or without isoflavones^1,2,3,4

¹ From the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory (SV-L, JLL, LMA, and AHL) and the Carotenoids and Health Laboratory (K-JY and EJJ), Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, and the Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA (SD and IJ)

Background: Several clinical trials have suggested that soy intake decreases oxidative stress. Soy isoflavones have antioxidant properties in vitro, but results of supplementation in clinical trials are inconclusive.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the independent effects of soy protein and soy-derived isoflavones on plasma antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Design: Forty-two hypercholesterolemic (LDL cholesterol > 3.36 mmol/L) subjects aged >50 y were provided with each of 4 diets in random order in a crossover design. Diets varied in protein source (10% of energy, soy or animal) and isoflavone content (trace or 50 mg/1000 kcal) and were consumed for 42 d each. Plasma antioxidants, protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant performance, LDL oxidizability, and urinary F₂-isoprostanes were measured at the end of each dietary phase.

Results: Plasma antioxidant concentrations were not significantly different, regardless of dietary treatment, except for isoflavones, which were higher after isoflavone supplementation (P = 0.0001). Although plasma total antioxidant performance was 10% higher with soy protein intake, regardless of dietary isoflavones (P = 0.0003), soy protein did not significantly affect most individual markers of oxidative stress (LDL oxidizability, urinary F₂-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, or protein carbonyls in native plasma). However, soy protein was associated with modestly lower concentrations of protein carbonyls in oxidized plasma. There was no significant effect of isoflavones on LDL oxidation, urinary F₂-isoprostanes, or protein carbonyl groups, although, paradoxically, the plasma malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher after the isoflavone-rich diets (P = 0.04).

Conclusions: Diets relatively high in soy protein or soy-derived isoflavones have little effect on plasma antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Key Words: Animal protein • antioxidants • antioxidant capacity • cardiovascular disease • isoflavones • oxidative stress • soy protein

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Soy protein with or without isoflavones: in search of a cardioprotective mechanism of action

Penny M Kris-Etherton and Sheila G West
AJCN 2005 81: 5-6. [Full Text]  

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