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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
-Tocopherol disappearance is faster in cigarette smokers and is inversely related to their ascorbic acid status1,2,3
1 From the Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (RSB); the Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (RSB, TMB, and MGT); the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (RR); the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (TJM)
Background: Cigarette smokers have enhanced oxidative stress from cigarette smoke exposure and from their increased inflammatory responses.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking increases plasma 
-tocopherol disappearance in otherwise healthy humans.
Design: Smokers and nonsmokers (n = 10/group) were supplemented with deuterium-labeled -tocopheryl acetates (75 mg each of d3-RRR--tocopheryl acetate and d6-all-rac--tocopherols acetate) for 6 evenings (days –6 to –1). Plasma -tocopherols, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and F2-isoprostanes were measured in blood samples collected on days –6 through 17. The urinary -tocopherol metabolite, -carboxy-ethyl-hydroxy-chroman (-CEHC), was measured on days –6, 0, and 17 in 24-h urine samples.
Results: F2-isoprostanes were, on average, 
40% higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. On day 0, plasma labeled and unlabeled -tocopherol concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Smoking resulted in faster fractional disappearance of plasma -tocopherol (0.215 ± 0.011 compared with 0.191 ± 0.009 pools/d; P < 0.05). Fractional disappearance rates of -tocopherol correlated with plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in smokers (P = 0.021) but not in nonsmokers despite plasma ascorbic acid concentrations that were not significantly different between groups. By day 17, cigarette smoking resulted in lower plasma -tocopherol concentrations and urinary excretion of labeled and unlabeled -CEHC (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Cigarette smoking increased -tocopherol disappearance. Greater rates of -tocopherol disappearance in smokers appear to be related to increased oxidative stress accompanied by lower plasma ascorbic acid concentrations. Thus, smokers have an increased requirement for both -tocopherol and ascorbic acid.
Key Words: Oxidative stress • vitamin E • vitamin C • cigarette smoke • antioxidants • dietary requirements
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