| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Department of Community and Family Medicine and The School of Public Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong (SZ and SCH), and the School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing (SZ)
Background: Convincing evidence shows that soy protein intake has beneficial effects on lipid changes, but it is unclear which components of soy protein are responsible.
Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis to identify and quantify the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile.
Design: Twenty-three eligible randomized controlled trials published from 1995 to 2002 were identified from the PUBMED database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD). Weighted mean effect sizes were calculated for net changes in serum lipid concentrations by using fixed-effect or random-effect models. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were performed to explore the influence of covariates on net lipid change.
Results: Soy protein with isoflavones intact was associated with significant decreases in serum total cholesterol (by 0.22 mmol/L, or 3.77%), LDL cholesterol (by 0.21 mmol/L, or 5.25%), and triacylglycerols (by 0.10 mmol/L, or 7.27%) and significant increases in serum HDL cholesterol (by 0.04 mmol/L, or 3.03%). The reductions in total and LDL cholesterol were larger in men than in women. Initial total cholesterol concentrations had a powerful effect on changes in total and HDL cholesterol, especially in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Studies with intakes >80 mg showed better effects on the lipid profile. The strongest lowering effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol occurred within the short initial period of intervention, whereas improvements in HDL cholesterol were only observed in studies of >12 wk duration. Tablets containing extracted soy isoflavones did not have a significant effect on total cholesterol reduction.
Conclusions: Soy protein containing isoflavones significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol and significantly increased HDL cholesterol, but the changes were related to the level and duration of intake and the sex and initial serum lipid concentrations of the subjects.
Key Words: Soy protein containing isoflavones • total cholesterol • high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol • HDL cholesterol • low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol • LDL cholesterol • triacylglycerols • meta-analysis • randomized controlled trials
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. V. Potenza and J. I. Mechanick The Metabolic Syndrome: Definition, Global Impact, and Pathophysiology Nutr Clin Pract, October 1, 2009; 24(5): 560 - 577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Pipe, C. P. Gobert, S. E. Capes, G. A. Darlington, J. W. Lampe, and A. M. Duncan Soy Protein Reduces Serum LDL Cholesterol and the LDL Cholesterol:HDL Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B:Apolipoprotein A-I Ratios in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes J. Nutr., September 1, 2009; 139(9): 1700 - 1706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. H. Hennekens, W. R. Schneider, E. J. Barice, and P. R. Hebert Modest Dietary Reductions in Blood Cholesterol Have Important Public Health Benefits Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, June 1, 2009; 14(2): 85 - 88. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Li, J. S. Ross-Viola, N. F. Shay, D. D. Moore, and M.-L. Ricketts Human CYP3A4 and Murine Cyp3A11 Are Regulated by Equol and Genistein via the Pregnane X Receptor in a Species-Specific Manner J. Nutr., May 1, 2009; 139(5): 898 - 904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Messina, S. Watanabe, and K. D. R. Setchell Report on the 8th International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment J. Nutr., April 1, 2009; 139(4): 796S - 802S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pan, O. H. Franco, J. Ye, W. Demark-Wahnefried, X. Ye, Z. Yu, H. Li, and X. Lin Soy Protein Intake Has Sex-Specific Effects on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese J. Nutr., December 1, 2008; 138(12): 2413 - 2421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A Thorp, P. R. Howe, T. A Mori, A. M Coates, J. D Buckley, J. Hodgson, J. Mansour, and B. J Meyer Soy food consumption does not lower LDL cholesterol in either equol or nonequol producers Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 298 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Hooper, P. A Kroon, E. B Rimm, J. S Cohn, I. Harvey, K. A Le Cornu, J. J Ryder, W. L Hall, and A. Cassidy Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2008; 88(1): 38 - 50. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Cave, R. T. Hurt, T. H. Frazier, P. J. Matheson, R. N. Garrison, C. J. McClain, and S. A. McClave Obesity, Inflammation, and the Potential Application of Pharmaconutrition Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2008; 23(1): 16 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. Gardner, M. Messina, A. Kiazand, J. L. Morris, and A. A. Franke Effect of Two Types of Soy Milk and Dairy Milk on Plasma Lipids in Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized Trial J. Am. Coll. Nutr., December 1, 2007; 26(6): 669 - 677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ruixing, F. Qiming, Y. Dezhai, L. Shuquan, L. Weixiong, P. Shangling, W. Hai, Y. Yongzhong, H. Feng, and Q. Shuming Comparison of demography, diet, lifestyle, and serum lipid levels between the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations J. Lipid Res., December 1, 2007; 48(12): 2673 - 2681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Kokubo, H. Iso, J. Ishihara, K. Okada, M. Inoue, S. Tsugane, and for the JPHC Study Group Association of Dietary Intake of Soy, Beans, and Isoflavones With Risk of Cerebral and Myocardial Infarctions in Japanese Populations: The Japan Public Health Center Based (JPHC) Study Cohort I Circulation, November 27, 2007; 116(22): 2553 - 2562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Brighenti Dietary Fructans and Serum Triacylglycerols: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials J. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2552S - 2556S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-H. Chan, K.-K. Lau, K.-H. Yiu, S.-W. Li, H.-T. Chan, S. Tam, X.-O. Shu, C.-P. Lau, and H.-F. Tse Isoflavone intake in persons at high risk of cardiovascular events: implications for vascular endothelial function and the carotid atherosclerotic burden Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2007; 86(4): 938 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Clerici, K. D. R. Setchell, P. M. Battezzati, M. Pirro, V. Giuliano, S. Asciutti, D. Castellani, E. Nardi, G. Sabatino, S. Orlandi, et al. Pasta Naturally Enriched with Isoflavone Aglycons from Soy Germ Reduces Serum Lipids and Improves Markers of Cardiovascular Risk J. Nutr., October 1, 2007; 137(10): 2270 - 2278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Li, O. Mezei, and N. F. Shay Human and Murine Hepatic Sterol-12-{alpha}-Hydroxylase and Other Xenobiotic Metabolism mRNA Are Upregulated by Soy Isoflavones J. Nutr., July 1, 2007; 137(7): 1705 - 1712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Baba, M. Natsume, A. Yasuda, Y. Nakamura, T. Tamura, N. Osakabe, M. Kanegae, and K. Kondo Plasma LDL and HDL Cholesterol and Oxidized LDL Concentrations Are Altered in Normo- and Hypercholesterolemic Humans after Intake of Different Levels of Cocoa Powder J. Nutr., June 1, 2007; 137(6): 1436 - 1441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. K. Welty, K. S. Lee, N. S. Lew, and J.-R. Zhou Effect of Soy Nuts on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels in Hypertensive, Prehypertensive, and Normotensive Postmenopausal Women Arch Intern Med, May 28, 2007; 167(10): 1060 - 1067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. M Steinberg Soybeans or soymilk: does it make a difference for cardiovascular protection? Does it even matter? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2007; 85(4): 927 - 928. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Taku, K. Umegaki, Y. Sato, Y. Taki, K. Endoh, and S. Watanabe Soy isoflavones lower serum total and LDL cholesterol in humans: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2007; 85(4): 1148 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Baba, N. Osakabe, Y. Kato, M. Natsume, A. Yasuda, T. Kido, K. Fukuda, Y. Muto, and K. Kondo Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 709 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Azadbakht, M. Kimiagar, Y. Mehrabi, A. Esmaillzadeh, M. Padyab, F. B Hu, and W. C Willett Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 735 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Erdman Jr., D. Balentine, L. Arab, G. Beecher, J. T. Dwyer, J. Folts, J. Harnly, P. Hollman, C. L. Keen, G. Mazza, et al. Flavonoids and Heart Health: Proceedings of the ILSI North America Flavonoids Workshop, May 31-June 1, 2005, Washington, DC J. Nutr., March 1, 2007; 137(3): 718S - 737S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. K Nies, A. A Cymbala, S. L Kasten, D. G Lamprecht, and K. L Olson Complementary and Alternative Therapies for the Management of Dyslipidemia Ann. Pharmacother., November 1, 2006; 40(11): 1984 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. N Hanson, H. M Engelman, D L. Alekel, K. L Schalinske, M. L Kohut, and M. B Reddy Effects of soy isoflavones and phytate on homocysteine, C-reactive protein, and iron status in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 774 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. O. Moore, Y. Wang, W. G. Stebbins, D. Gao, X. Zhou, R. Phelps, M. Lebwohl, and H. Wei Photoprotective effect of isoflavone genistein on ultraviolet B-induced pyrimidine dimer formation and PCNA expression in human reconstituted skin and its implications in dermatology and prevention of cutaneous carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2006; 27(8): 1627 - 1635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. D. Johnson, L. Dooley, R. L. Morrissey, L. Arp, I. Kapetanovic, J. A. Crowell, and D. L. McCormick Oncogenicity Evaluations of Chemopreventive Soy Components in p53(+/-) (p53 knockout) Mice International Journal of Toxicology, May 1, 2006; 25(3): 219 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Shen, M. H. Liu, T. Y. Ng, Y. H. Chan, and E. L. Yong Differential Effects of Isoflavones, from Astragalus Membranaceus and Pueraria Thomsonii, on the Activation of PPAR{alpha}, PPAR{gamma}, and Adipocyte Differentiation In Vitro J. Nutr., April 1, 2006; 136(4): 899 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Tovar, I. Torre-Villalvazo, M. Ochoa, A. L. Elias, V. Ortiz, C. A. Aguilar-Salinas, and N. Torres Soy protein reduces hepatic lipotoxicity in hyperinsulinemic obese Zucker fa/fa rats J. Lipid Res., September 1, 2005; 46(9): 1823 - 1832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ma, D. Chiriboga, B. C. Olendzki, R. Nicolosi, P. A. Merriam, and I. S. Ockene Effect of Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones on Blood Lipids in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial J. Am. Coll. Nutr., August 1, 2005; 24(4): 275 - 285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
