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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging (MCM, DAE, JLB, RSW, and NTA), the Department of Internal Medicine (MCM, DAE, and JLB), the Department of Preventive Medicine (MCM), the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (DAE, RSW, and NTA), the Department of Clinical Nutrition (CCT), the Department of Neurological Sciences (RSW and NTA), and the Department of Psychology (RSW and PAS), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, and the Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (PAS).
Background: High intake of vitamin E from food (tocopherol), but not from supplements (which usually contain 
-tocopherol), is inversely associated with Alzheimer disease.
Objective: We examined whether food intakes of vitamin E, -tocopherol equivalents (a measure of the relative biologic activity of tocopherols and tocotrienols), or individual tocopherols would protect against incident Alzheimer disease and cognitive decline over 6 y in participants of the Chicago Health and Aging Project.
Design: The 1993–2002 study of community residents aged 
65 y included the administration of 4 cognitive tests and clinical evaluations for Alzheimer disease. Dietary assessment was by food-frequency questionnaire.
Results: Tocopherol intake from food was related to the 4-y incidence of Alzheimer disease determined by logistic regression in 1041 participants who were clinically evaluated (n = 162 incident cases) and to change in a global cognitive score determined by mixed models in 3718 participants. Higher intakes of vitamin E (relative risk: 0.74 per 5 mg/d increase; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.88) and -tocopherol equivalents (relative risk: 0.56 per 5 mg/d increase; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.98) were associated with a reduced incidence of Alzheimer disease in separate multiple-adjusted models that included intakes of saturated and trans fats and docosahexaenoic acid. - and 
-Tocopherol had independent associations. In separate mixed models, a slower rate of cognitive decline was associated with intakes of vitamin E, -tocopherol equivalents, and - and -tocopherols.
Conclusion: The results suggest that various tocopherol forms rather than - tocopherol alone may be important in the vitamin E protective association with Alzheimer disease.
Key Words: Vitamin E • -tocopherol • -tocopherol • ß-tocopherol • 
-tocopherol • antioxidant nutrients • Alzheimer disease • cognitive function • Chicago Health and Aging Project
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