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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Leu162Val polymorphism influences the metabolic response to a dietary intervention altering fatty acid proportions in healthy men^1,2,3

¹ From the Lipid Research Center (A-MP, BF-B, YB, JR, AT, PC, and M-CV) and the Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Laboratory Research Center (AT), CHUQ-CHUL Pavilion, Sainte-Foy, Canada; the Food Science and Nutrition Department, Laval University, Québec (A-MP, YB, JR, SL, HJ, BL, AT, and M-CV); and the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, Sainte-Foy, Canada (A-MP, SL, HJ, BL, AT, and M-CV).

Background: Serum lipid responses to dietary modification are partly determined by genetic factors.

Objective: We tested whether plasma lipoprotein and lipid responsiveness to a modification in the dietary ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S) is influenced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) Leu162Val polymorphism in healthy men.

Design: Ten carriers of the V162 allele and 10 L162 homozygotes were matched according to age and body mass index (BMI). During the protocol, all subjects followed the National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet, but intake of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was adjusted to obtain a P:S of 0.3 for the first 4-wk period (low-P:S diet) and a P:S of 1.0 for the next 4-wk period (high-P:S diet).

Results: At screening, the PPAR Leu162Val polymorphism was not associated with anthropometric indexes or plasma lipoprotein and lipid concentrations. After the high-P:S diet, a significant gene-by-diet interaction was observed for changes in plasma total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and cholesterol concentrations in small LDL particles (P 0.05). Mean differences after the high-P:S diet were observed between genotype groups for plasma apo A-I concentrations (P < 0.05). Changes in BMI, waist circumference, and concentrations of triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and apo B did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion: The PPAR Leu162Val polymorphism may contribute to interindividual variability in plasma lipoprotein and lipid response after modification of the dietary P:S ratio.

Key Words: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor • PPAR • fatty acids • polyunsaturated fatty acids • gene-by-diet interaction • nutritional intervention • interindividual variability

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