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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Division of Epidemiology, Stockholm Centre of Public Health, Sweden (ST and PT); the Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (FR); and the Health Care Research Unit, Department of Body Composition and Metabolism, Institute of Internal Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden (JK).
Background: Eating behavior may be implicated in the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, presumably in relation to easy access to energy-dense and highly palatable foods.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on eating behavior in a population-based cohort of male twins.
Design: The study included 326 dizygotic and 456 monozygotic male twin pairs aged 23–29 y from Sweden. The revised 21-item version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) was used to assess eating behavior. This validated instrument consists of 3 dimensions: cognitive restraint, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the heritability of eating behavior.
Results: Cognitive restraint was the only TFEQ-R21 scale that significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.39, P < 0.0001). The best-fitted models gave a heritability of 59% (95% CI: 52%, 66%) for cognitive restraint, 60% (95% CI: 52%, 67%) for emotional eating, and 45% (95% CI: 36%, 53%) for uncontrolled eating.
Conclusions: These results show the great importance of genetic factors in the eating behavior of a large, unselected population of young adult male twins. Nonshared environmental factors were also important, whereas shared environmental factors did not contribute to eating behavior.
Key Words: Eating behavior • twins • males • genetics • heritability • structural equation models
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