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Longitudinal measurements of zinc absorption in Peruvian children consuming wheat products fortified with iron only or iron and 1 of 2 amounts of zinc^1,2,3

¹ From the Program in International Nutrition and the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis (DLdR, JMP, and KHB); the Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Perú (DLdR, MS, and MEP); the Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver (KMH and NFK).

Background:Information is needed on the fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) and absorbed zinc (AZ) during prolonged exposure to zinc-fortified foods.

Objective:The objective was to measure FAZ and AZ from diets fortified with different amounts of zinc and to determine whether zinc absorption changes over 7 wk.

Design:Forty-one stunted, moderately anemic children received daily, at breakfast and lunch, 100 g wheat products fortified with 3 mg Fe (ferrous sulfate) and 0 (group Zn-0), 3 (group Zn-3), or 9 (group Zn-9) mg Zn (zinc sulfate) per 100 g flour. FAZ was measured on days 2–3 and 51–52; meal-specific AZs were calculated as the product of FAZ and zinc intake.

Results:For the breakfast and lunch meals combined, mean total zinc intakes were 2.14, 4.72, and 10.04 mg/d in groups Zn-0, Zn-3, and Zn-9, respectively, during the initial absorption studies; mean (±SD) FAZ values were 0.341 ± 0.111, 0.237 ± 0.052, and 0.133 ± 0.041, respectively, on days 2–3 (P < 0.001) and did not change significantly on days 51–52 in the subset of 31 children studied twice. Mean initial AZ was positively related to zinc intake (0.71 ± 0.18, 1.11 ± 0.21, and 1.34 ± 0.47 mg/d, respectively; P < 0.001); final values did not differ significantly from the initial values.

Conclusions:AZ from meals containing zinc-fortified wheat products increases in young children relative to the level of fortification and changes only slightly during 7-wk periods of consumption. Although consumption of zinc-fortified foods may reduce FAZ, zinc fortification at the levels studied positively affects total daily zinc absorption, even after nearly 2 mo of exposure to zinc-fortified diets.

Key Words: Zinc • iron • wheat • fortification • absorption • stable isotopes • children

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