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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 81, No. 5, 1034-1044, May 2005
© 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Genetic and environmental contributions to serum retinol and {alpha}-tocopherol concentrations: the Stanislas Family Study1,2,3

Sonia Gueguen, Pierre Leroy, René Gueguen, Gérard Siest, Sophie Visvikis and Bernard Herbeth

1 From the INSERM U525, Nancy, France (SG, GS, SV, and BH); the Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France (PL); and the Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (RG and GS)

Background: Although numerous environmental factors are documented to influence serum retinol and {alpha}-tocopherol concentrations, little is known about the genetic versus the environmental contributions to variations in these traits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate additive genetic heritability and household effects for serum retinol and {alpha}-tocopherol concentrations in a variance component analysis.

Design: In a sample of 387 French families, information on serum retinol and {alpha}-tocopherol concentrations, usual dietary intake, lifestyle, and serum lipid profiles and related polymorphisms (apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein C-III, apolipoprotein B, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, and lipoprotein lipase) was obtained.

Results: For serum retinol—after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, and serum albumin, triacylglycerol, and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations—additive genetic effects and shared common environment contributed 30.5% and 14.2% of the total variance, respectively. For serum {alpha}-tocopherol, {approx}22.1% of the total variance was due to the additive effects of genes and 18.7% to those of household environment, after adjustment for the covariates sex, age, vitamin E intake, oral contraceptive use, and cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations. For both vitamins, the influence of measured polymorphisms was not significant. Moreover, heritability and household effect estimates were not significantly different between the 4 classes of relatives and did not vary significantly when families shared more meals at home.

Conclusions: The results show that serum retinol and {alpha}-tocopherol concentrations are under genetic control in healthy families.

Key Words: Retinol • {alpha}-tocopherol • family resemblance • genetics • household environment




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