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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 81, No. 5, 1223S-1231S, May 2005
© 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition

SUPPLEMENT: WOMEN AND MICRONUTRIENTS: ADDRESSING THE GAP THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE

Menopause, micronutrients, and hormone therapy1,2,3,4

Judith Wylie-Rosett

1 From the Division of Health, Behavior and Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY

ABSTRACT

Micronutrient and herbal/phytochemical supplements are of increasing interest as potential alternatives to using estrogen therapy in treating menopausal symptoms. This article provides an overview of the questionnaires that assess menopausal symptoms and research efforts to better standardize symptom assessment. The reported rate of symptoms varies by ethnicity, stage of menopause, hormonal therapy and the measurement method. The use of estrogen therapy has declined sharply after the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Hormone Trial was stopped early because the potential risks outweighed potential benefits. There is a limited research base that addresses the efficacy of supplements in controlling menopausal symptoms. The generalizability of several studies is limited because the study participants experiences menopause as the results of treatment for breast cancer. The article concludes with a review of guidelines and of issues that need to be addressed in future research studies with emphasis on questions related to clinical practice.

Key Words: Menopausal symptoms • micronutrients • supplements • phytoestrogen • herbal supplements • estrogen • progestin • cancer • heart disease






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