| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide, Australia
Background: Limited evidence suggests that a higher ratio of protein to carbohydrate during weight loss has metabolic advantages.
Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of a diet with a high ratio of protein to carbohydrate during weight loss on body composition, cardiovascular disease risk, nutritional status, and markers of bone turnover and renal function in overweight women.
Design: The subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 isocaloric 5600-kJ dietary interventions for 12 wk according to a parallel design: a high-protein (HP) or a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet.
Results: One hundred women with a mean (±SD) body mass index (in kg/m2) of 32 ± 6 and age of 49 ± 9 y completed the study. Weight loss was 7.3 ± 0.3 kg with both diets. Subjects with high serum triacylglycerol (>1.5 mmol/L) lost more fat mass with the HP than with the HC diet (
± SEM: 6.4 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.7 kg, respectively; P = 0.035) and had a greater decrease in triacylglycerol concentrations with the HP (–0.59 ± 0.19 mmol/L) than with the HC (–0.03 ± 0.04 mmol/L) diet (P = 0.023 for diet x triacylglycerol interaction). Triacylglycerol concentrations decreased more with the HP (0.30 ± 0.10 mmol/L) than with the HC (0.10 ± 0.06 mmol/L) diet (P = 0.007). Fasting LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, and C-reactive protein concentrations decreased with weight loss. Serum vitamin B-12 increased 9% with the HP diet and decreased 13% with the HC diet (P < 0.0001 between diets). Folate and vitamin B-6 increased with both diets; homocysteine did not change significantly. Bone turnover markers increased 8–12% and calcium excretion decreased by 0.8 mmol/d (P < 0.01). Creatinine clearance decreased from 82 ± 3.3 to 75 ± 3.0 mL/min (P = 0.002).
Conclusion: An energy-restricted, high-protein, low-fat diet provides nutritional and metabolic benefits that are equal to and sometimes greater than those observed with a high-carbohydrate diet.
Key Words: Weight loss • diet composition • high-protein diet • lipids • dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry • bone turnover • nutritional status
Related articles in AJCN:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Florentin, M. S. Kostapanos, E. S. Nakou, M. Elisaf, and E. N. Liberopoulos Efficacy and Safety of Ezetimibe Plus Orlistat or Rimonabant in Statin-Intolerant Nondiabetic Overweight/Obese Patients With Dyslipidemia Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, December 1, 2009; 14(4): 274 - 282. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Aziz, L. S. Kenney, B. Goulet, and E.-S. Abdel-Aal Dietary Starch Type Affects Body Weight and Glycemic Control in Freely Fed but Not Energy-Restricted Obese Rats J. Nutr., October 1, 2009; 139(10): 1881 - 1889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Uebanso, Y. Taketani, M. Fukaya, K. Sato, Y. Takei, T. Sato, N. Sawada, K. Amo, N. Harada, H. Arai, et al. Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves fatty liver and hypertriglyceridemia in sucrose-fed obese rats via two pathways Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2009; 297(1): E76 - E84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Layman, E. M. Evans, D. Erickson, J. Seyler, J. Weber, D. Bagshaw, A. Griel, T. Psota, and P. Kris-Etherton A Moderate-Protein Diet Produces Sustained Weight Loss and Long-Term Changes in Body Composition and Blood Lipids in Obese Adults J. Nutr., March 1, 2009; 139(3): 514 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. M. Sacks, G. A. Bray, V. J. Carey, S. R. Smith, D. H. Ryan, S. D. Anton, K. McManus, C. M. Champagne, L. M. Bishop, N. Laranjo, et al. Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates N. Engl. J. Med., February 26, 2009; 360(9): 859 - 873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. R. Payne, K. J. Walsh, J. T. Harvey, M. F. Livy, K. J. McKenzie, A. Donaldson, M. G. Atkinson, J. B. Keogh, R. S. Moss, D. W. Dunstan, et al. Effect of a Low-Resource-Intensive Lifestyle Modification Program Incorporating Gymnasium-Based and Home-Based Resistance Training on Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Australian Adults Diabetes Care, December 1, 2008; 31(12): 2244 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P Heaney and D. K Layman Amount and type of protein influences bone health Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1567S - 1570S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K Layman, P. Clifton, M. C Gannon, R. M Krauss, and F. Q Nuttall Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1571S - 1575S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. H. Eckel Nonsurgical Management of Obesity in Adults N. Engl. J. Med., May 1, 2008; 358(18): 1941 - 1950. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J Lucey, G. K Paschos, K. D Cashman, J A. Martinez, I. Thorsdottir, and M. Kiely Influence of moderate energy restriction and seafood consumption on bone turnover in overweight young adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2008; 87(4): 1045 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B Keogh, G. D Brinkworth, M. Noakes, D. P Belobrajdic, J. D Buckley, and P. M Clifton Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2008; 87(3): 567 - 576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M Clifton, J. B Keogh, and M. Noakes Long-term effects of a high-protein weight-loss diet Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2008; 87(1): 23 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M Zivkovic, J B. German, and A. J Sanyal Comparative review of diets for the metabolic syndrome: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 285 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. D. Gardner, A. Kiazand, S. Alhassan, S. Kim, R. S. Stafford, R. R. Balise, H. C. Kraemer, and A. C. King Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women: The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial JAMA, March 7, 2007; 297(9): 969 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Hodgson, N. C. Ward, V. Burke, L. J. Beilin, and I. B. Puddey Increased Lean Red Meat Intake Does Not Elevate Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Humans J. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 137(2): 363 - 367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Selvin, N. P. Paynter, and T. P. Erlinger The Effect of Weight Loss on C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review Arch Intern Med, January 8, 2007; 167(1): 31 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. McMillan-Price, P. Petocz, F. Atkinson, K. O'Neill, S. Samman, K. Steinbeck, I. Caterson, and J. Brand-Miller Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med, July 24, 2006; 166(14): 1466 - 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Neuhouser, L. F. Tinker, C. Thomson, B. Caan, L. V. Horn, L. Snetselaar, L. M. Parker, R. E. Patterson, R. Robinson-O'Brien, S. A. A. Beresford, et al. Development of a Glycemic Index Database for Food Frequency Questionnaires Used in Epidemiologic Studies J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1604 - 1609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M Hodgson, V. Burke, L. J Beilin, and I. B Puddey Partial substitution of carbohydrate intake with protein intake from lean red meat lowers blood pressure in hypertensive persons. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 780 - 787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W Krieger, H. S Sitren, M. J Daniels, and B. Langkamp-Henken Effects of variation in protein and carbohydrate intake on body mass and composition during energy restriction: a meta-regression 1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 260 - 274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Layman and D. A. Walker Potential Importance of Leucine in Treatment of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome J. Nutr., January 1, 2006; 136(1): 319S - 323S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Clifton and M. Noakes Reply to RM Ortega and AM Lopez-Sobaler Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2005; 82(5): 1141 - 1141. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O Hill Obesity treatment: does one size fit all? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2005; 81(6): 1253 - 1254. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
