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Lack of effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids naturally incorporated into butter on the lipid profile and body composition of overweight and obese men^1,2,3

¹ From the Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (SD, PYC, LC, JD, BL, and NB) and the Departments of Food Science and Nutrition (SD, IG, LC, BL, and NB) and Animal Sciences (PYC and JD), Laval University, Québec, Canada; the College of Pharmacy, Touro University–California, Vallejo, CA (NB); and the Lipid Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada (BL and PYC)

Background: Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known to reduce atherosclerosis, plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and body fat accumulation in several animal species. Of the few studies that investigated the effects of CLA supplementation in humans, all used commercially formulated oral supplements made from a mixture of CLA isomers.

Objective: We compared the effects on plasma lipoproteins and body composition of the consumption of a modified butter naturally enriched with CLA (CLA-B: 4.22 g CLA/100 g butter fat) by the addition of sunflower oil to the diet of dairy cows with the consumption of a control butter (CON-B) that was low in CLA (0.38 g CLA/100 g butter fat).

Design: In a crossover design study including an 8-wk washout period, 16 men [ ± SD age: 36.6 ± 12.4 y; body mass index (in kg/m²): 31.2 ± 4.4] were fed each of the 2 experimental isoenergetic diets, providing 15% of energy as protein, 45% as carbohydrates, and 40% as lipids, of which >60% was derived from experimental fats, for 4 wk.

Results: Consumption of the CLA-B diet induced a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller reduction in plasma total cholesterol and in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol (–0.02 mmol/L and –0.00, respectively) than did consumption of the CON-B diet (–0.26 mmol/L and–0.34, respectively). Abdominal adipose tissue area measured by computed tomography showed no difference in accumulation of either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue after the 2 experimental diets.

Conclusion: These results suggest that a 10-fold CLA enrichment of butter fat does not induce beneficial metabolic effects in overweight or obese men.

Key Words: Conjugated linoleic acids • lipid profile • plasma lipids • lipoproteins • body composition • obesity • functional foods • C-reactive protein • LDL size

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