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Polymorphism of the 5-HT_2A receptor gene and food intakes in children and adolescents: the Stanislas Family Study^1,2,3

¹ From INSERM U525, Epidemiologic and Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France (BH, EA, FC, GS, and SV); INSERM U695, Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes and of its Vascular Complications, Faculté Xavier Bichat, Paris, France (FF and RA), and the Centre de Médecine Préventive, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (GS)

Background: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is a key mediator in the control of food intake and is probably involved in the etiology of anorexia nervosa. An association between a polymorphism of the 5-HT receptor (5-HT_2A) gene promoter (–1438G/A) and anorexia nervosa has been reported.

Objective: We investigated the relation between the –1438G/A polymorphism of the 5-HT_2A gene and the energy and macronutrient intakes of children and adolescents.

Design: This cross-sectional study included 370 children and adolescents aged 10–20 y (176 boys and 194 girls from 251 families) drawn from the Stanislas Family Study. Energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed by using 3-d food records. The –1438G/A polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and then by Hpa II digestion.

Results: In the overall group, after adjustment for age, sex, weight, height, and family correlation, the A allele was significantly associated with lower energy (P for trend = 0.045) and with total, monounsaturated, and saturated fat intakes expressed in g/d (P for trend = 0.007, 0.005, and 0.006, respectively). Subjects with the GA genotype had intermediate values. In addition, genotype x sex and genotype x age interactions were not significant.

Conclusions: The 5-HT_2A gene polymorphism in the promoter region is associated with energy and fat intakes in young people. This could be explained by the role of the serotonergic system as a determinant of food intakes and eating behavior.

Key Words: Serotonin • 5-hydroxytryptamine • 5-HT receptor • 5-HT_2A • genetic polymorphism • food intake • children • adolescents

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