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ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION |
1 From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (NRS and ALA); the Division of General Internal Medicine (AMK) and Department of Epidemiology (AVS and JSL), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; the Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (PK-B); the J Paul Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (SBK); the Social and Scientific Systems, Silver Spring, MD (NdR); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN (FAT); and the National Institutes on Aging, Bethesda, MD (TBH)
Background: Recent evidence suggests that the rate of carbohydrate digestion and absorption may influence the development of type 2 diabetes.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with predictors of type 2 diabetes in older adults.
Design: This study evaluated cross-sectional relations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with measures of glucose metabolism and body fat distribution in participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a prospective cohort study of adults aged 70–80 y (n = 2248).
Results: In men, dietary glycemic index was positively associated with 2-h glucose (P for trend = 0.04) and fasting insulin (P for trend = 0.004), inversely associated with thigh intramuscular fat (P for trend = 0.02), and not significantly associated with fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, or visceral abdominal fat. Dietary glycemic load was inversely associated in men with visceral abdominal fat (P for trend = 0.02) and not significantly associated with fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, or thigh intramuscular fat. In women, although dietary glycemic index and load were not significantly related to any measures of glucose metabolism or body fat distribution, the association between dietary glycemic index and 2-h glucose was nearly significant (P for trend = 0.06).
Conclusion: The findings of this cross-sectional study indicate an association between dietary glycemic index and selected predictors of type 2 diabetes in older adults, particularly in men.
Key Words: Glycemic index • glycemic load • glucose metabolism • insulin resistance • body composition • older adults
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