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The relation of sugar intake to ß cell function in overweight Latino children^1,2,3

¹ From the Departments of Preventive Medicine (JND, EEV, MLC, and MIG), Physiology and Biophysics (MIG), and Biokinesiology and Physical Therpay (GQS), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; the Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles County–University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (MJW); and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada (GDCB)

Background: Few studies have investigated the association between sugar intake and insulin dynamics in children, and none have examined this association in overweight Latino youth.

Objective: We aimed to examine the relation between dietary components, especially sugar intake, and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth.

Design: We examined 63 overweight Latino children aged 9–13 y. Dietary intake was determined by 3-d records, and body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity (S_I), acute insulin response (AIR), and disposition index (an index of ß cell function) were measured by using a frequently sampled intravenous-glucose-tolerance test and minimal modeling. Hierarchical regression analysis ascertained the potential independent relation between insulin dynamics and dietary components.

Results: The relation between macronutrient intake and any variable related to insulin dynamics was not significant. However, higher total sugar intake, although not related to S_I, was significantly associated with lower AIR (ß = –0.296, P = 0.045) and lower ß cell function (ß = –0.421, P = 0.043), independent of the covariates age, sex, body composition, Tanner stage, and energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes trended toward inverse association with lower AIR (ß = –0.219, P = 0.072) and ß cell function (ß = –0.298, P = 0.077).

Conclusions: In overweight Latino children, higher intakes of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with lower AIR and disposition index, which suggested that these children already have early signs of poor ß cell function. These results emphasize the need for early nutritional interventions to reduce daily sugar intake in overweight Latino children and potentially reduce their risk for type 2 diabetes.

Key Words: Latino adolescents • overweight • obesity • sugar • sugary beverages • ß cells • disposition index • type 2 diabetes

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