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Fat oxidation and its relation to serum parathyroid hormone in young women enrolled in a 1-y dairy calcium intervention^1,2,3,4

¹ From the Departments of Foods & Nutrition (CWG, PAL, JMJ, LDM, and DT), Health & Kinesiology (RML), and Statistics (GPM), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN (MP)

Background: Increased dietary calcium is associated with changes in body composition. One proposed mechanism is that dietary calcium increases fat oxidation, potentially via regulation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine whether acute or chronic increased dairy calcium intakes alter postprandial whole-body fat oxidation and whether the increased intake is related to changes in PTH concentrations.

Design: Normal-weight women aged 18–30 y were randomly assigned to a low (<800 mg/d, control; n = 10) or high (1000–1400 mg/d; n = 9) dietary calcium intake group for 1 y. Whole-body fat oxidation was assessed by measuring respiratory gas exchange after each subject consumed 2 isocaloric liquid meals containing 100 or 500 mg Ca at baseline and 1 y. Fasting serum PTH was measured at baseline and 1 y.

Results: The mean 1-y change in fat oxidation was higher in the high-calcium group than in the low-calcium control group after a low-calcium meal (0.10 ± 0.05 compared with 0.005 ± 0.04 g/min; P < 0.001) and a high-calcium meal (0.06 ± 0.05 compared with 0.03 ± 0.04 g/min; P < 0.05). The 1-y change in serum log PTH was negatively associated with the 1-y change in postprandial fat oxidation after a high-calcium meal (partial r = –0.46, P < 0.04) when controlled for the1-y change in total body fat mass.

Conclusions: The results suggest that a chronic diet high in dairy calcium increases whole-body fat oxidation from a meal, and increases in fasting serum PTH relate to decreases in postprandial whole-body fat oxidation.

Key Words: Calcium intake • dairy intake • intervention • fat oxidation • parathyroid hormone • clinical trial

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