HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) An erratum has been published Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Gasper, A. V Articles by Mithen, R. F Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Gasper, A. V Articles by Mithen, R. F Agricola Articles by Gasper, A. V Articles by Mithen, R. F

Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and metabolism of sulforaphane from standard and high-glucosinolate broccoli^1,2,3

¹ From the Phytochemicals and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom (AVG, JRB, and RFM) and the Center for Analytical Bioscience, School Pharmacy (DAB, AA, and AVG) and Biomedical Sciences (MAT and AVG) and the Wolfson Digestive Diseases Centre (JAS, CA, PF, and CJH), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingodm

Background: Broccoli consumption is associated with a reduction in the risk of cancer, particularly in persons with a functional glutathione S-transferase M1 allele, as opposed rotrose whose GSTM1 gene has been deleted. Sulforaphane, the major isothiocyanate derived from 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate, is thought to be the main agent conferring protection.

Objective: We compared sulforaphane metabolism in GSTM1-null and GSTM1-positive subjects after they consumed standard broccoli and high-glucosinolate broccoli (super broccoli).

Design: Sixteen subjects were recruited into a randomized, 3-phase crossover dietary trial of standard broccoli, super broccoli, and water. Liquid chromatography linked to tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify sulforaphane and its thiol conjugates in plasma and urine.

Results:GSTM1-null subjects had slightly higher, but statistically significant, areas under the curve for sulforaphane metabolite concentrations in plasma, a greater rate of urinary excretion of sulforaphane metabolites during the first 6 h after broccoli consumption, and a higher percentage of sulforaphane excretion 24 h after ingestion than did GSTM1-positive subjects. Consumption of high-glucosinolate broccoli led to a 3-fold greater increase in the areas under the curve and maximum concentrations of sulforaphane metabolites in plasma, a greater rate of urinary excretion of sulforaphane metabolites during the first 6 h after consumption, and a lower percentage of sulforaphane excretion after its ingestion than did the consumption of standard broccoli.

Conclusions:GSTM1 genotypes have a significant effect on the metabolism of sulforaphane derived from standard or high-glucosinolate broccoli. It is possible that the difference in metabolism may explain the greater protection that GSTM1-positive persons gain from consuming broccoli. The potential consequences of consuming glucosinolate-enriched broccoli for GSTM1-null and -positive persons are discussed.

Key Words: Sulforaphane • glucosinolates • broccoli • super broccoli • GSTM1 • chemoprotection

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. Mastrangelo, A. Cassidy, F. Mulholland, W. Wang, and Y. Bao Serotonin Receptors, Novel Targets of Sulforaphane Identified by Proteomic Analysis in Caco-2 Cells Cancer Res., July 1, 2008; 68(13): 5487 - 5491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.E. Steck, M.M. Gaudet, J.A. Britton, S.L. Teitelbaum, M.B. Terry, A.I. Neugut, R.M. Santella, and M.D. Gammon Interactions among GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms, cruciferous vegetable intake and breast cancer risk Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2007; 28(9): 1954 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. V. Gasper, M. Traka, J. R. Bacon, J. A. Smith, M. A. Taylor, C. J. Hawkey, D. A. Barrett, and R. F. Mithen Consuming Broccoli Does Not Induce Genes Associated with Xenobiotic Metabolism and Cell Cycle Control in Human Gastric Mucosa J. Nutr., July 1, 2007; 137(7): 1718 - 1724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Steck, M. D. Gammon, J. R. Hebert, D. E. Wall, and S. H. Zeisel GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTA1 Polymorphisms and Urinary Isothiocyanate Metabolites following Broccoli Consumption in Humans J. Nutr., April 1, 2007; 137(4): 904 - 909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C. Myzak, P. Tong, W.-M. Dashwood, R. H. Dashwood, and E. Ho Sulforaphane Retards the Growth of Human PC-3 Xenografts and Inhibits HDAC Activity in Human Subjects Experimental Biology and Medicine, February 1, 2007; 232(2): 227 - 234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. Ritz, J. Wan, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Sulforaphane-stimulated phase II enzyme induction inhibits cytokine production by airway epithelial cells stimulated with diesel extract Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): L33 - L39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Zhou, E.-J. Poulton, F. Grun, T. K. Bammler, B. Blumberg, K. E. Thummel, and D. L. Eaton The Dietary Isothiocyanate Sulforaphane Is an Antagonist of the Human Steroid and Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptor Mol. Pharmacol., January 1, 2007; 71(1): 220 - 229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Lampe Interindividual differences in response to cruciferous vegetable diets: Implications for cancer risk. AACR Meeting Abstracts, April 1, 2006; 2006(1): 1365 - 1366. [Abstract]