| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Supplement: Living Well to 100: Nutrition, Genetics, Inflammation |
1 From the Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston
ABSTRACT
Recent discoveries, notably of the hormones leptin and adiponectin, have revised the notion that adipocytes are simply a storage depot for body energy. Instead, adipocytes are also endocrine organs, with multiple metabolic roles in regulating whole-body physiology. Small adipocytes in lean individuals promote metabolic homeostasis; the enlarged adipocytes of obese individuals recruit macrophages and promote inflammation and the release of a range of factors that predispose toward insulin resistance. Exercise activates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in muscle and other tissues, a pathway that increases fat oxidation and glucose transport. Importantly, the adipocyte hormones leptin and adiponectin also activate AMPK; remarkably, the same pathway is activated by certain antidiabetic agents such as thiazolidinediones. Increasingly, our understanding of the adipocyte as an endocrine organ is leading to new insights into obesity and health.
Key Words: Leptin • adiponectin • thiazolidinediones • exercise • obesity • hypertension • stroke • hypercholesterolemia • hypertriglyceridemia • BMI • body mass index • adipose tissue
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Du, X. Yan, J. F. Tong, J. Zhao, and M. J. Zhu Maternal Obesity, Inflammation, and Fetal Skeletal Muscle Development Biol Reprod, January 1, 2010; 82(1): 4 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. D. Pylypchuk, L. J. Schouten, R. A. Goldbohm, H. C. Schouten, and P. A. van den Brandt Body Mass Index, Height, and Risk of Lymphatic Malignancies: A Prospective Cohort Study Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2009; 170(3): 297 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. E. Wong, F. L. Szeto, W. Zhang, H. Ye, J. Kong, Z. Zhang, X. J. Sun, and Y. C. Li Involvement of the vitamin D receptor in energy metabolism: regulation of uncoupling proteins Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2009; 296(4): E820 - E828. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Tong, X. Yan, M. J. Zhu, S. P. Ford, P. W. Nathanielsz, and M. Du Maternal obesity downregulates myogenesis and {beta}-catenin signaling in fetal skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2009; 296(4): E917 - E924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Karl, H. R. Lieberman, S. J. Cable, K. W. Williams, E. L. Glickman, A. J. Young, and J. P. McClung Poor Iron Status Is Not Associated with Overweight or Overfat in Non-Obese Pre-Menopausal Women J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2009; 28(1): 37 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Ghoshal, J. Witta, J. Zhong, W. de Villiers, and E. Eckhardt Chylomicrons promote intestinal absorption of lipopolysaccharides J. Lipid Res., January 1, 2009; 50(1): 90 - 97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hamer and A. Steptoe Prospective study of physical fitness, adiposity, and inflammatory markers in healthy middle-aged men and women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2009; 89(1): 85 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Mentor-Marcel, G. Bobe, K. G. Barrett, M. R. Young, P. S. Albert, M. R. Bennink, E. Lanza, and N. H. Colburn Inflammation-Associated Serum and Colon Markers as Indicators of Dietary Attenuation of Colon Carcinogenesis in ob/ob Mice Cancer Prevention Research, January 1, 2009; 2(1): 60 - 69. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Beydoun, A. Lhotsky, Y. Wang, G. D. Forno, Y. An, E. J. Metter, L. Ferrucci, R. O'Brien, and A. B. Zonderman Association of Adiposity Status and Changes in Early to Mid-Adulthood With Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2008; 168(10): 1179 - 1189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. D. Dixit Adipose-immune interactions during obesity and caloric restriction: reciprocal mechanisms regulating immunity and health span J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2008; 84(4): 882 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Ethier-Chiasson, J-C Forest, Y Giguere, A Masse, C Marseille-Tremblay, E Levy, and J Lafond Modulation of placental protein expression of OLR1: implication in pregnancy-related disorders or pathologies Reproduction, October 1, 2008; 136(4): 491 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Scarpello and H. C. Howlett Metformin therapy and clinical uses Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, September 1, 2008; 5(3): 157 - 167. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. A. Saxe, J. M. Major, L. Westerberg, S. Khandrika, and T. M. Downs Biological Mediators of Effect of Diet and Stress Reduction on Prostate Cancer Integr Cancer Ther, September 1, 2008; 7(3): 130 - 138. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. C. Wee, S. Girotra, A. R. Weinstein, M. A. Mittleman, and K. J. Mukamal The Relationship Between Obesity and Atherosclerotic Progression and Prognosis Among Patients With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts: The Effect of Aggressive Statin Therapy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 19, 2008; 52(8): 620 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Ikizler, P. Stenvinkel, and B. Lindholm Resolved: Being Fat Is Good for Dialysis Patients: The Godzilla Effect: Pro J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2008; 19(6): 1059 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Varma, A. Yao-Borengasser, A. M. Bodles, N. Rasouli, B. Phanavanh, G. T. Nolen, E. M. Kern, R. Nagarajan, H. J. Spencer III, M.-J. Lee, et al. Thrombospondin-1 Is an Adipokine Associated With Obesity, Adipose Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance Diabetes, February 1, 2008; 57(2): 432 - 439. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Chung, P. Matak, A. T. McKie, and P. Sharp Leptin Increases the Expression of the Iron Regulatory Hormone Hepcidin in HuH7 Human Hepatoma Cells J. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2366 - 2370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W Hsing, L. C Sakoda, and S. C Chua Jr Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and prostate cancer Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 843S - 857S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hamer and A. Steptoe Association Between Physical Fitness, Parasympathetic Control, and Proinflammatory Responses to Mental Stress Psychosom Med, September 1, 2007; 69(7): 660 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Y. Kim, K. Tillison, S. Zhou, Y. Wu, and C. M. Smas The major facilitator superfamily member Slc37a2 is a novel macrophage- specific gene selectively expressed in obese white adipose tissue Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2007; 293(1): E110 - E120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kallio, M. Kolehmainen, D. E Laaksonen, J. Kekalainen, T. Salopuro, K. Sivenius, L. Pulkkinen, H. M Mykkanen, L. Niskanen, M. Uusitupa, et al. Dietary carbohydrate modification induces alterations in gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in persons with the metabolic syndrome: the FUNGENUT Study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2007; 85(5): 1417 - 1427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. T. McNicholas, M. R. Bonsignore, and the Management Committee of EU COST ACTION B26 Sleep apnoea as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence, basic mechanisms and research priorities Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2007; 29(1): 156 - 178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. P. Beehler, M. Sekhon, J. A. Baker, B. E. Teter, S. E. McCann, K. J. Rodabaugh, and K. B. Moysich Risk of Ovarian Cancer Associated with BMI Varies by Menopausal Status J. Nutr., November 1, 2006; 136(11): 2881 - 2886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-R. Berthoud, E. A. Fox, and W. L. Neuhuber Vagaries of adipose tissue innervation Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2006; 291(5): R1240 - R1242. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Marshall Role of Insulin, Adipocyte Hormones, and Nutrient-Sensing Pathways in Regulating Fuel Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis: A Nutritional Perspective of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer Sci. Signal., August 1, 2006; 2006(346): re7 - re7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
