HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Yetley, E. A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Yetley, E. A Agricola Articles by Yetley, E. A

Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions^1,2,3

¹ From the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

ABSTRACT

Although multivitamins, multiminerals, and similar terms (eg, multis or multiples) are commonly used, they have no standard scientific, regulatory, or marketplace definitions. Thus, multivitamins-multiminerals refers to products with widely varied compositions and characteristics. Multivitamin-multimineral composition databases use label values as surrogates for analyzed values. However, actual vitamin and mineral amounts often deviate from label values. Vitamin and mineral bioavailability for dietary supplements also lacks a standard scientific and regulatory definition and validated in vitro and animal models that accurately reflect human bioavailabilities. Systematic information on the bioavailability and bioequivalence of vitamins and minerals in marketed products and on potential drug interactions is scarce. Because of limited information on product characteristics, our ability to directly compare results across studies, estimate changes in usage patterns or intakes over time, and generalize from published results to marketed products is problematic.

Key Words: Vitamin and mineral supplements • bioavailability • bioequivalence • drug interactions • supplement composition • supplement definitions

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. A Yetley Assessing the vitamin D status of the US population Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 558S - 564S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Hanauer and S. W. Choi RE: "RISK OF CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH VACCINATION, INFECTION, AND MEDICATION USE IN CHILDHOOD: THE CROSS-CANADA CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA STUDY" Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2008; 168(3): 353 - 353. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. C. MacArthur and M. L. McBride THE FIRST TWO AUTHORS REPLY Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2008; 168(3): 353 - 354. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Berube, C. Diorio, and J. Brisson Multivitamin-multimineral supplement use and mammographic breast density Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1400 - 1404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Morris, P. F Jacques, I. H Rosenberg, and J. Selhub Reply to RJ Berry et al Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2007; 86(1): 267 - 268. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. H Rosenberg Challenges and opportunities in the translation of the science of vitamins Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 325S - 327S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]