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Soy inclusion in the diet improves features of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover study in postmenopausal women^1,2,3

¹ From the Department of Human Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science (LA, MK, and AE), and the School of Public Health (YM and MP), Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and the Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (FBH and WCW)

Background:Little evidence exists regarding the effects of soy consumption on the metabolic syndrome in humans.

Objective:We aimed to determine the effects of soy consumption on components of the metabolic syndrome, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, insulin resistance, and glycemic control in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.

Design:This randomized crossover clinical trial was undertaken in 42 postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to consume a control diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, DASH), a soy-protein diet, or a soy-nut diet, each for 8 wk. Red meat in the DASH period was replaced by soy-protein in the soy-protein period and by soy-nut in the soy-nut period.

Results:The soy-nut regimen decreased the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance score significantly compared with the soy-protein (difference in percentage change: –7.4 ± 0.8; P < 0.01) or control (–12.9 ± 0.9; P < 0.01) diets. Consumption of soy-nut also reduced fasting plasma glucose more significantly than did the soy-protein (–5.3 ± 0.5%; P < 0.01) or control (–5.1 ± 0.6%; P < 0.01) diet. The soy-nut regimen decreased LDL cholesterol more than did the soy-protein period (–5.0 ± 0.6%; P < 0.01) and the control (–9.5 ± 0.6%; P < 0.01) diet. Soy-nut consumption significantly reduced serum C-peptide concentrations compared with control diet (–8.0 ± 2.1; P < 0.01), but consumption of soy-protein did not.

Conclusion:Short-term soy-nut consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome.

Key Words: Metabolic syndrome • insulin resistance • soy • glycemic control • lipid profiles

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				L. Azadbakht, S. Atabak, and A. Esmaillzadeh Soy Protein Intake, Cardiorenal Indices, and C-Reactive Protein in Type 2 Diabetes With Nephropathy: A longitudinal randomized clinical trial Diabetes Care, April 1, 2008; 31(4): 648 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Azadbakht, M. Kimiagar, Y. Mehrabi, A. Esmaillzadeh, F. B. Hu, and W. C. Willett Soy Consumption, Markers of Inflammation, and Endothelial Function: A cross-over study in postmenopausal women with the metabolic syndrome Diabetes Care, April 1, 2007; 30(4): 967 - 973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]