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How early dietary factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy on subsequent body-composition development in term children whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age^1,2,3

¹ From the Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Dortmund, Germany (NK-D, ALBG, and AEB); the Department of Nutrition, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany (AK); and the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany (CH)

Background: It is not clear whether the adverse effects of rapid weight gain in infancy are modified by nutrition during the first 2 y of life in term children whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age (AGA).

Objective: We examined the interaction between rapid weight gain and nutrition in infancy and early childhood and their effect on body fat percentage (BF%) trajectories between 2 and 5 y of age.

Design: The study population comprised 249 (51.4% female) term AGA participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, for whom repeated anthropometric measurements until 5 y of age and information on breastfeeding status and on diet at 12 and 18–24 mo of age were available.

Results: Multilevel model analyses showed that, among rapid growers, those who had been fully breastfed for 4 mo had a lower BF% at 2 y of age than did those who had not been fully breastfed for 4 mo (β ± SE: –1.53 ± 0.59%; P = 0.009). This difference persisted until 5 y. Furthermore, those rapid growers who had a consistently high fat intake at both 12 and 18–24 mo did not show the expected physiologic decrease in BF% between 2 and 5 y seen in those rapid growers with an inconsistent or consistently low fat intake at these time points (0.73 ± 0.26%/y; P = 0.006).

Conclusions: Among rapid growers, full breastfeeding for 4 mo is protective against a high BF% at 2 y of age, whereas a consistently high fat intake in the second year of life "inhibits" the physiologic decrease in BF% between 2 and 5 y.

Key Words: Rapid weight gain • appropriate for gestational age • nutrition • breastfeeding • body fat percentage • children • trajectories

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				N. Karaolis-Danckert, A. E Buyken, M. Kulig, A. Kroke, J. Forster, W. Kamin, A. Schuster, C. Hornberg, T. Keil, R. L Bergmann, et al. How pre- and postnatal risk factors modify the effect of rapid weight gain in infancy and early childhood on subsequent fat mass development: results from the Multicenter Allergy Study 90 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1356 - 1364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]