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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 87, No. 1, 126-131, January 2008
© 2008 American Society for Nutrition

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults1,2,3

Nadine R Sahyoun, Amy L Anderson, Frances A Tylavsky, Jung Sun Lee, Deborah E Sellmeyer, Tamara B Harris for the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

1 From the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (NRS and ALA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN (FAT); the Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (JSL); the Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, CA (DES); and the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (TBH)

Background: It is unclear whether immediate dietary effects on blood glucose influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether the dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults.

Design: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study is a prospective cohort study of 3075 adults who were 70–79 y old at baseline (n = 1898 for this analysis). The intakes of specific nutrients and food groups and the risk of type 2 diabetes over a 4-y period were examined according to dietary GI and GL.

Results: Dietary GI was positively associated with dietary carbohydrate and negatively associated with the intakes of protein, total fat, saturated fat, alcohol, vegetables, and fruit. Dietary GL was positively associated with dietary carbohydrate, fruit, and fiber and negatively associated with the intakes of protein, total fat, saturated fat, and alcohol. Persons in the higher quintiles of dietary GI or GL did not have a significantly greater incidence of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions: These findings do not support a relation between dietary GI or GL and the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults. Because dietary GI and GL show strong nutritional correlates, the overall dietary pattern should be considered.

Key Words: Diet • glycemic index • glycemic load • type 2 diabetes • older adults


Related articles in AJCN:

A role for the glycemic index in preventing or treating diabetes?
John M Miles
AJCN 2008 87: 1-2. [Full Text]  

Glycemic index in early type 2 diabetes
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AJCN 2008 87: 3-4. [Full Text]  





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