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Vitamin D insufficiency in southern Arizona^1,2,3

¹ From the Arizona Cancer Center (ETJ, DSA, SBG, and MEM), the Mel and Enid Zuckerman Arizona College of Public Health (ETJ, DSA, JAF, SBG, and MEM), and the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (ZY), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; the Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Arizona Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ (JAF); the College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (DSA); and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC (BWH)

Background: Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency has been observed among populations in the northern United States. However, data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in areas of high sun exposure, such as Arizona, are limited.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in residents of southern Arizona and to evaluate predictors of 25(OH)D in this population.

Design: Cross-sectional analyses of serum from participants in a colorectal adenoma prevention study were conducted to determine rates of vitamin D deficiency. Participants were categorized into 4 groups on the basis of serum 25(OH)D concentrations: <10.0 ng/mL, 10.0 ng/mL and <20.0 ng/mL, 20.0 ng/mL and <30.0 ng/mL, and 30.0 ng/mL.

Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration for the total population was 26.1 ± 9.1 ng/mL. Of 637 participants, 22.3% had 25(OH)D concentrations >30 ng/mL, 25.4% had concentrations <20 ng/mL, and 2.0% had concentrations <10 ng/mL. Blacks (55.5%) and Hispanics (37.6%) were more likely to have deficient 25(OH)D concentrations (<20 ng/mL) than were non-Hispanic whites (22.7%). Sun exposure had a greater effect on 25(OH)D in whites than in blacks and Hispanics, whereas BMI appeared to be more important in the latter groups.

Conclusion: Despite residing in a region with high chronic sun exposure, adults in southern Arizona are commonly deficient in vitamin D deficiency, particularly blacks and Hispanics.

Key Words: Vitamin D deficiency • race-ethnicity • 25-hydroxyvitamin D • 25(OH)D • Arizona

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